The S2G Podcast

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Aug 2026

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This is the S2G Podcast, where we talk to business leaders, investors, policymakers, and thought leaders who have a transformative vision for the future. We’ll explore how their experiences and perspectives offer lessons into scaling the food, agriculture, oceans, and energy transitions.

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August 13, 2026Episode 1830 min

What Biotech Can Teach Us About Long Duration Investing

Every investor in long-duration, capital-intensive sectors eventually faces the same question: what do you do when the exit markets close and your companies still need years of funding? Keith Crandell answered it the hard way. His firm, ARCH Venture Partners, started as a University of Chicago experiment with a $9 million fund that took 15 months to raise, then hit biotech's "nuclear winter," leading to six years in the 1990s with just a single portfolio IPO. In this conversation with S2G's Aaron Rudberg from this year’s Summit, Keith walks through the strategies he has honed over the last three decades: licensing narrow "slices of salami" to strategic partners without giving away the core company, treating government grants like a syndicate member, viewing the IPO as a funding event rather than an exit, and scouring the globe to consolidate the IP and talent of the dozen teams working on the same breakthrough. Decades later, that playbook produced the Metsera sale to Pfizer. Keith closes with where he thinks GLP-1s and longevity science go from here.Read the full Financing Reality Report. Chapters:02:20 — How ARCH Got Its Start07:20 — Raising a $9 Million Fund the Hard Way09:10 — When an IPO Isn’t Really an Exit10:40 — Surviving Biotech’s “Nuclear Winter”14:30 — The Ladder of Capital17:20 — Why Your First Investors Matter21:00 — Learning to Fund the Long Haul27:40 — What Comes After GLP-1s?Keith Crandell was not compensated for participating in this podcast or for speaking at the S2G Summit. S2G reimbursed Keith's reasonable travel and lodging expenses to attend the Summit, where this presentation was originally delivered.This content is for informational purposes only, should not be taken as legal, business, tax or investment advice, or be used to evaluate any investment or security, and is not directed at any investor or potential investor in any investment vehicle sponsored by S2G. Investing involves risk, including the risk of loss. Specific companies mentioned in this podcast are for educational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement of any kind. S2G holds positions in the companies referenced, but this podcast is for information purposes only and is not intended to promote any such company. All views of the guests on this podcast are solely their opinions and do not reflect the opinions of S2G. Any past performance discussed is not indicative of future results. The views expressed herein are opinions based on certain assumptions and subject to change. For more important information, please see s2ginvestments.com/disclosures.

July 30, 2026Episode 1724 min

The Riches in the Niches: Financing the Long Tail of the Real Economy

At S2G, we believe the best returns over the next 30 years won't come from crowded deals, but from building the financial infrastructure for businesses that don't fit traditional funding categories. But how do you finance a business that doesn't fit into any box the capital markets recognize? Paul Lisiak has built a career and a $1.8 billion firm, doing exactly that. Recorded live at this year's S2G Summit, Sanjeev sits down with Paul, founder and managing partner of Metropolitan Partners, a private credit firm that finances niches many investors never think about, from mobile game revenues to literary rights to non-vocal music royalties. Paul shares his "fishing holes" playbook: find an underfished niche, do the hard underwriting work others won't, earn the complexity premium, and move on once the crowd shows up. Along the way, he explains why he passed on YouTube royalties and funeral homes, why he's now looking at housing affordability, trade schools, and even a bowling alley roll-up, and why he believes we've moved from a K-shaped to an "E-shaped" economy. This episode will leave you with a sharper eye for the opportunities hiding in plain sight and a better sense of what it actually takes to be the first one there.Read the full Financing Reality Report. Paul Lisiak was not compensated for participating in this podcast or for speaking at the S2G Summit. S2G reimbursed Paul's reasonable travel and lodging expenses to attend the Summit, where this presentation was originally delivered.This content is for informational purposes only, should not be taken as legal, business, tax or investment advice, or be used to evaluate any investment or security, and is not directed at any investor or potential investor in any investment vehicle sponsored by S2G. Investing involves risk, including the risk of loss. Specific companies mentioned in this podcast are for educational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement of any kind. S2G holds positions in the companies referenced, but this podcast is for information purposes only and is not intended to promote any such company. All views of the guests on this podcast are solely their opinions and do not reflect the opinions of S2G. Any past performance discussed is not indicative of future results. The views expressed herein are opinions based on certain assumptions and subject to change. For more important information, please see s2ginvestments.com/disclosures.

July 16, 2026Episode 1637 min

Turning Soil into Agriculture's Next Frontier with EarthOptics

Farmers today are in a tough spot. With input costs climbing and crop prices falling, many farm businesses are barely breaking even, yet they still have very little insight into one of the most important parts of their operation: the soil. And it's not just growers who want this information. CPG companies, carbon accounting firms, and anyone trying to understand what's happening below the surface need it too. Measuring soil accurately and usefully has always been expensive and difficult, in part because a single field can hide completely different chemistry, structure, and microbial life from one spot to the next. But advances in sensing and AI are changing that equation. In this episode, EarthOptics CEO Lars Dyrud joins S2G's Chuck Templeton to discuss the company's vertically integrated approach to soil measurement and insights. They get into why we're still so in the dark about our soil and how EarthOptics helps farmers understand which inputs are worth the money so they can turn a profit while improving soil health. They also discuss how the company is integrating AI into every part of its operations and product development, and the vast potential hidden in the soil to discover solutions with transformative applications in agriculture and beyond.If you are interested in learning more about the soil on your own property, you can try EarthOptics new consumer testing service at Living Soil Lab. Chapters: 04:40 — Why Soil Measurement Hasn't Changed in 80 Years 06:20 — The Three Dimensions of Soil Health 07:40 — What Better Soil Data Saves Farmers 11:35 — The Cost Curves That Made This Possible 19:45 — Getting an Entire Company to Adopt AI 28:05 — Turning Soil Data Into a New Revenue Line 30:15 — The Dark Half of the Soil GenomeThis content is for informational purposes only, should not be taken as legal, business, tax or investment advice, or be used to evaluate any investment or security, and is not directed at any investor or potential investor in any investment vehicle sponsored by S2G. Investing involves risk, including the risk of loss. Specific companies mentioned in this podcast are for educational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement of any kind. S2G holds positions in the companies referenced, but this podcast is for information purposes only and is not intended to promote any such company. All views of the guests on this podcast are solely their opinions and do not reflect the opinions of S2G. Any past performance discussed is not indicative of future results. The views expressed herein are opinions based on certain assumptions and subject to change. For more important information, please see s2ginvestments.com/disclosures.

June 30, 2026Episode 1524 min

Navigating Progress and Backlash with Fareed Zakaria

Big change only happens when someone tells a story people can believe in, and few people tell stories about the world better than Fareed Zakaria, bestselling author, The Washington Post columnist, and CNN host. In this episode, Fareed joins S2G’s Sanjeev Krishnan and Frédéric Michel, strategic advisor to Lupa Systems and former chief strategy and communications advisor to Emmanuel Macron, to unpack the forces rewiring global politics and markets, from why every successful political movement runs on a story to why private companies, not governments, are increasingly the most powerful actors of our era. He asks whether those companies will step up to fill the gaps left by policymakers or just keep making their one narrow ask, and delivers a striking reality check on American market dominance, where the US is 4% of the world's population but 70% of global capital markets. The conversation then turns to AI, and whether it will be winner-take-all or something more like electricity, a commodity that diffuses everywhere and benefits everyone. It's a fast-moving exchange that ends somewhere very human: if AI can write your column, what exactly are you still here to do?Further Reading: Age of Revolutions: Progress and Backlash from 1600 to the PresentChapters: 2:50 — The French Revolution and why change must be organic 5:00 — Why narrative wins: Trump, Brexit, and the Bezos bet 7:00 — You can't prevent change, but you can arm people for it 10:00 — The backlash against managerial elites 13:30 — When companies fill the gaps left by government 18:00 — America's market dominance and the big AI bet 20:10 — What's left for humans in the age of AIThis content is for informational purposes only, should not be taken as legal, business, tax or investment advice, or be used to evaluate any investment or security, and is not directed at any investor or potential investor in any investment vehicle sponsored by S2G. Investing involves risk, including the risk of loss. Specific companies mentioned in this podcast are for educational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement of any kind. S2G holds positions in the companies referenced, but this podcast is for information purposes only and is not intended to promote any such company. All views of the guests on this podcast are solely their opinions and do not reflect the opinions of S2G. Any past performance discussed is not indicative of future results. The views expressed herein are opinions based on certain assumptions and subject to change. For more important information, please see s2ginvestments.com/disclosures.

June 18, 2026Episode 1442 min

The Illusion of Crowds with Francis O’Sullivan

On paper, capital is pouring into the energy transition. But where is it actually going? In this episode, Sanjeev Krishnan sits down with S2G Managing Director Francis O'Sullivan to unpack his new paper, "The Illusion of Crowds," a five-year, data-driven look at how $88 billion across 6,400+ deals has really been deployed, and why the market is far more concentrated than the headline numbers suggest. They get into why so-called "growth" rounds are often just large venture checks, how big funds co-investing with each other creates hidden risk for LPs who think they're diversified, and why the sector is absorbing three to four times more capital than it's returning. Along the way, they trade hot takes on what zero rates did to power markets, whether the AI-driven energy trade is the next halo waiting to crack, and the lessons Frank took from the shale boom. If you allocate capital, raise it, or build companies in this space, this one's worth a close listen.Chapters3:20 - Revisiting the Missing Middle: Three Years Later8:10 - How Zero Rates Distorted Energy Markets15:50 - Can You Raise Capital If You're Not Levered to AI?17:30 - Introducing the Illusion of Crowds Paper26:20 - The Wisdom of Crowds Framework30:30 - The Capital Crowding Problem: Picking Winners Too Early34:00 - Value Creation vs. Value Realization37:00 - From Shale to Clean Energy: Lessons From Frank's Research ArcThis content is for informational purposes only, should not be taken as legal, business, tax or investment advice, or be used to evaluate any investment or security, and is not directed at any investor or potential investor in any investment vehicle sponsored by S2G. Investing involves risk, including the risk of loss. Specific companies mentioned in this podcast are for educational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement of any kind. S2G holds positions in the companies referenced, but this podcast is for information purposes only and is not intended to promote any such company. All views of the guests on this podcast are solely their opinions and do not reflect the opinions of S2G. Any past performance discussed is not indicative of future results. The views expressed herein are opinions based on certain assumptions and subject to change. For more important information, please see s2ginvestments.com/disclosures.

June 4, 2026Episode 1339 min

Financing Reality with Sanjeev Krishnan

The old playbook built on cheap capital, globalization, and asset-light software is breaking down, and Sanjeev Krishnan thinks most investors haven't fully registered what may come next. In this episode, fresh off S2G's ninth annual Summit and the close of Solutions Fund I at $1B, Tonya Bakritzes sits down with Sanjeev to unpack the five secular forces he believes are reshaping the global economy right now: AI, geopolitical multipolarity, an uncertain price of money, entropy, and demographic aging. He makes the case that the real opportunity isn't in betting on what's already obvious, but in financing the gap between an emerging economic reality and the financial infrastructure that doesn't yet exist to serve it. Sanjeev shares what it actually took to close a fund in one of the hardest fundraising environments in recent memory, what he learned from the market builders on stage at Summit, and why the interlinkages between these five forces may matter more than any one of them in isolation. If you're an asset allocator, entrepreneur, or just trying to understand where the next decade of returns will actually come from, this one is worth your full attention.Chapters: 2:20 — The Financing Reality Report5:00 — The 1970s Playbook: Four Forces That Shaped the Last Era7:10 — The Five Secular Forces Defining Today11:10 — The Most Underestimated Forces: Aging & Price of Money13:40 — Why the Old Playbook Is Breaking Down17:50 — Early Market Signals & the Case for Diversifiers21:30 — S2G's Three-Pronged Approach: Growth Equity, Structured Finance & Bespoke Funds25:30 — Closing the Solutions Fund in the Hardest Fundraising Environment28:30 — Summit Takeaways 34:50 — Building for an Emerging RealityThis content is for informational purposes only, should not be taken as legal, business, tax or investment advice, or be used to evaluate any investment or security, and is not directed at any investor or potential investor in any investment vehicle sponsored by S2G. Investing involves risk, including the risk of loss. Specific companies mentioned in this podcast are for educational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement of any kind. S2G holds positions in the companies referenced, but this podcast is for information purposes only and is not intended to promote any such company. All views of the guests on this podcast are solely their opinions and do not reflect the opinions of S2G. Any past performance discussed is not indicative of future results. The views expressed herein are opinions based on certain assumptions and subject to change. For more important information, please see s2ginvestments.com/disclosures.

May 21, 2026Episode 1239 min

How Sofar Ocean is Reshaping Weather Prediction and Shipping

When a ship needs to reroute around the Strait of Hormuz, when forecasters try to predict short and long-term weather, or when scientists model the impacts of a changing climate, it all comes down to ocean data. Yet the ocean remains one of the most undermeasured environments on Earth. In this episode, Chuck Templeton sits down with Tim Janssen, co-founder and CEO of Sofar Ocean, to explore why real-time ocean intelligence is one of the most consequential unsolved problems of our time, and how companies like Sofar are finally moving the needle at scale. Tim breaks down how Sofar's network of sensor-loaded buoys is helping to close the ocean data gap, why AI is making that data exponentially more valuable, and how shipping giants are already using Sofar's Wayfinder platform to optimize routes, cut emissions, and respond in real time to disruptions happening right now.Chapters: 5:10 — The Compounding Cost of Not Measuring7:40 — What to Measure and Why: Waves, Wind, and Beyond10:10 — Turning Ocean Data Into Products People Actually Use11:30 — Wayfinder: Google Maps for the High Seas15:30 — Geopolitical Disruption: Hormuz, Suez, and Real-Time Rerouting19:40 — Spotter Scout: The Ocean's New Autonomous Eye26:10 — Why AI Makes Ocean Data More Valuable, Not Just Cheaper32:20 — The Holy Grail: Ocean Intelligence at Atmospheric ScaleThis content is for informational purposes only, should not be taken as legal, business, tax or investment advice, or be used to evaluate any investment or security, and is not directed at any investor or potential investor in any investment vehicle sponsored by S2G. Investing involves risk, including the risk of loss. Specific companies mentioned in this podcast are for educational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement of any kind. S2G holds positions in the companies referenced, but this podcast is for information purposes only and is not intended to promote any such company. All views of the guests on this podcast are solely their opinions and do not reflect the opinions of S2G. Any past performance discussed is not indicative of future results. The views expressed herein are opinions based on certain assumptions and subject to change. For more important information, please see s2ginvestments.com/disclosures.

May 7, 2026Episode 1143 min

The Overlooked Diversifier: A New Playbook for American Farmland

American farming is under real pressure. The closure of the Strait of Hormuz has sent synthetic fertilizer prices spiking, and 70% of US farmers say they can't afford the inputs they need for this planting season. But this isn't just a recent shock. Farm margins have been shrinking for years, and the US has lost almost 150,000 farms in the last five years alone. The commodity model that defined American agriculture for decades simply wasn't built for the volatility we're living through now.In this episode, Justin Bruch, CEO of Clear Frontier, and Iowa farmer Bryce Irlbeck join Sanjeev Krishnan to make the case that this moment of disruption is also an opportunity for farmers willing to rethink how they operate and for investors paying attention. They explain why the shift toward organic and regenerative farming isn't just an environmental story but also a financial one, and why soil health is a surprisingly important factor in the long-term value of farmland as an asset. If you've never thought seriously about farmland as part of a diversified portfolio, this conversation will change that.Chapters07:20 The Super Cycles That Shaped American Ag 10:20 How Policy Locked Farmers Into Corn & Soybeans 11:30 Is the Commodity Model Breaking Down? 15:30 A Vision for the Next 30 Years 24:10 Farmland as a Diversifier Asset Class 28:30 Soil Health as the New Value Driver 31:10 Capital in Rural America 36:00 What Does "Regenerative" Actually Mean? 40:20 Anti-Fragility & the Strait of HormuzThis content is for informational purposes only, should not be taken as legal, business, tax or investment advice, or be used to evaluate any investment or security, and is not directed at any investor or potential investor in any investment vehicle sponsored by S2G. Investing involves risk, including the risk of loss. Specific companies mentioned in this podcast are for educational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement of any kind. S2G holds positions in the companies referenced, but this podcast is for information purposes only and is not intended to promote any such company. All views of the guests on this podcast are solely their opinions and do not reflect the opinions of S2G. Any past performance discussed is not indicative of future results. The views expressed herein are opinions based on certain assumptions and subject to change. For more important information, please see s2ginvestments.com/disclosures.

April 23, 2026Episode 1048 min

The Case for Automating American Factories With Formic

This episode will change the way you see American manufacturing and showcase why it's both more vulnerable and more adaptable than you may think. Saman Farid, CEO and founder of Formic, sits down with Chuck Templeton to pull back the curtain on a pressure point hiding in plain sight: hundreds of thousands of U.S. factories are running behind schedule or turning down orders, not because they lack machines or materials, but because they simply can't find people to run them. Saman introduces Formic's "robotics as a service" model, a subscription-based approach that lets manufacturers deploy robots to factories without the massive upfront capital investment, and explains why this is the unlock that the industry needs. He breaks down where AI in robotics actually stands today, why the Tesla vs. Waymo training data debate maps directly onto the future of physical AI, and why the next decade of American manufacturing isn't about replacing workers. It's about making factories more efficient and profitable, making manufacturing jobs safer and more sustainable, and rebuilding the industrial pyramid from the ground up.Chapters4:50 — The Two Big Misconceptions About Robotics7:40 — Why American Factories Are Stuck in the Past10:10 — The Labor Crisis Quietly Killing Manufacturing13:00 — Why Factories Are Turning Down Business16:30 — Full-Service Robotics: The Subscription Model Explained21:10 — The Three Waves of Robot Technology32:10 — The Waymo vs. Tesla Playbook for Robot Training Data35:10 — Financing a Robot Fleet: Building a Smarter Capital Stack41:40 — Will Robots Take Jobs? What the Data Actually ShowsThis content is for informational purposes only, should not be taken as legal, business, tax or investment advice, or be used to evaluate any investment or security, and is not directed at any investor or potential investor in any investment vehicle sponsored by S2G. Investing involves risk, including the risk of loss. Specific companies mentioned in this podcast are for educational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement of any kind. S2G holds positions in the companies referenced, but this podcast is for information purposes only and is not intended to promote any such company. All views of the guests on this podcast are solely their opinions and do not reflect the opinions of S2G. Any past performance discussed is not indicative of future results. The views expressed herein are opinions based on certain assumptions and subject to change. For more important information, please see s2ginvestments.com/disclosures.

April 9, 2026Episode 939 min

The Global Energy Order Has Changed. Now What?

Gas prices at the pump are just the beginning of what the war with Iran means for global energy. In this episode, Sanjeev Krishnan sits down with S2G's energy co-leads Frank O'Sullivan and Bala Nagarajan to unpack what the war in Iran and the blockade of the Strait of Hormuz actually mean for the global energy system, not just this week, but over the next decade. From gas shortages hitting stoves in India and setting coal prices at all-time highs, to what this means for industries from electric vehicles to data centers, Frank and Bala trace the long arc of where this crisis leads. They dig into whether this moment could finally shock Europe, Asia, and even the US into building the energy systems they've been putting off for decades, and why this disruption might be the most powerful accelerant for renewable energy in a generation. Key TakeawaysThe US is no longer insulated from global gas prices. Frank explains that because the US is now the world's largest LNG exporter, domestic gas prices are increasingly coupled to international markets, with real consequences for industrial competitiveness, power costs, and the relative economics of solar and nuclear.This crisis is hitting East Asia hardest and fastest. Bala points to a 30x spike in demand for induction stoves on Amazon India as an indicator that consumers in Southeast Asia are moving toward alternatives from the bottom up.Europe's energy crisis is a de-industrialization crisis. Bala notes that much of Europe's demand drop after the Russia-Ukraine war wasn't efficiency or transition, it was factories and refineries shutting down. Real recovery requires cheap electricity first, and Europe doesn't have it.Data centers will absorb higher gas prices, but not forever. Frank argues that at current prices, hyperscalers will take power anyway they can get it. But as data centers look more like infrastructure than tech products, the cost of input energy may increasingly matter.Crisis is a powerful forcing function for building new energy infrastructure. Bala highlights that Germany went from permitting 4 gigawatts of onshore wind per year before the Russia-Ukraine war to 16 gigawatts after, proof that energy security pressure can act as a real accelerant. Resources: The Price of War: A Perspective on Why the Iran Conflict Demands a True Energy Emergency Response. This content is for informational purposes only, should not be taken as legal, business, tax or investment advice, or be used to evaluate any investment or security, and is not directed at any investor or potential investor in any investment vehicle sponsored by S2G. Investing involves risk, including the risk of loss. Specific companies mentioned in this podcast are for educational purposes and should not be construed as an endorsement of any kind. S2G holds positions in the companies referenced, but this podcast is for information purposes only and is not intended to promote any such company. All views of the guests on this podcast are solely their opinions and do not reflect the opinions of S2G. Any past performance discussed is not indicative of future results. The views expressed herein are opinions based on certain assumptions and subject to change. For more important information, please see s2ginvestments.com/disclosures.

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The S2G Podcast

About the show

Listen to episodes

What Biotech Can Teach Us About Long Duration Investing

The Riches in the Niches: Financing the Long Tail of the Real Economy

Turning Soil into Agriculture's Next Frontier with EarthOptics

Navigating Progress and Backlash with Fareed Zakaria

The Illusion of Crowds with Francis O’Sullivan

Financing Reality with Sanjeev Krishnan

How Sofar Ocean is Reshaping Weather Prediction and Shipping

The Overlooked Diversifier: A New Playbook for American Farmland

The Case for Automating American Factories With Formic

The Global Energy Order Has Changed. Now What?

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