
Commercial Real Estate Leases Explained (NNN, Gross, and Modified Gross)
Two identical commercial spaces. Same size, same property type, but one is worth $97,222 more because of how the lease is structured. One rents for $14/SF triple net, while the other brings in $18/SF gross. You'd think the higher rent means a better investment, right? Not necessarily. Today, we're breaking down how lease structure impacts your net operating income, cap rate, and ultimately your property's value. We'll also cover three lease terms that may actually be worth accepting lower rent to secure. Because in commercial real estate, it's not just about how much rent you collect. It's about how much income you keep and how predictable that income is. Key Takeaways The lease terms—not the label—determine who pays what. Review the responsibilities for property taxes, building insurance, and common area maintenance (CAM). Triple net (NNN): The tenant pays base rent plus its share of taxes, insurance, and CAM. The landlord typically remains responsible for major building elements; an absolute net lease may shift more responsibility to the tenant. Gross and modified gross: In a full-service gross lease, the tenant pays one amount and the landlord covers most operating expenses. Modified gross leases divide expenses according to negotiated terms. Expense increases can create risk. Under a gross lease, rising expenses can reduce the landlord’s net income. NNN leases pass certain expenses through to tenants. The speaker’s preferred structure is modified gross with a base-year expense stop. The landlord covers expenses up to the base-year level; the tenant pays its share of increases above that. Tenants should review CAM terms carefully. Consider caps on controllable expenses, exclusions for items such as capital replacements and leasing commissions, and an audit right to verify charges. Read the detailed clauses and involve an attorney. Clarify who repairs versus replaces items such as the roof, HVAC, and parking lot, and review escalation, assignment, renewal, and permitted-use terms.











