Postgres FM

Hosted by Nikolay Samokhvalov and Michael Christofides

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Nov 2026

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A weekly podcast about all things PostgreSQL

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November 13, 2026Episode 19638 min

The hidden costs of CREATE TEMP TABLE

Tip: watch on YouTube. Since episode 193, the video shows charts and illustrations as we talk. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAdhpYewLZ8 Nik and Kirk discuss the hidden costs of CREATE TEMP TABLE: dead tuples and catalog bloat, and the shared invalidation queue that every session has to read. They cover why thousands of idle sessions make it much worse, what it looks like in wait events, and what to use instead. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Times are podcast times of the first mention. Main link [00:34:15] Temp tables in the request path: where the cliff is, and what LWLock:SInvalWrite really tells you (DBLab Forge brief, PostgresAI) https://console.postgres.ai/shared/brief/dfe99713-f5a8-483b-9aab-1606a883b75d Michael [00:00:44] Michael's post about taking a few months off (X) https://x.com/michristofides/status/2117283823314674021 Episodes [00:06:12] UUIDv4 vs UUIDv7 https://postgres.fm/episodes/uuidv4-vs-uuidv7 Postgres docs [00:01:32] CREATE TABLE, Compatibility: temporary tables vs the SQL standard's global temporary tables (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-COMPATIBILITY [00:04:34] CREATE TABLE, TEMPORARY: autovacuum cannot vacuum or analyze temporary tables (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-TEMPORARY [00:15:40] LWLock wait events, including SInvalWrite and SInvalRead (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/monitoring-stats.html#WAIT-EVENT-LWLOCK-TABLE [00:19:16] max_locks_per_transaction (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-locks.html#GUC-MAX-LOCKS-PER-TRANSACTION [00:27:14] CREATE TABLE, ON COMMIT: PRESERVE ROWS, DELETE ROWS, DROP (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-PARMS-ON-COMMIT [00:32:24] CREATE TABLE, UNLOGGED (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-createtable.html#SQL-CREATETABLE-UNLOGGED [00:37:45] DISCARD (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-discard.html Postgres source and history [00:18:11] sinvaladt.c: MAXNUMMESSAGES, the 4,096-message invalidation queue https://github.com/postgres/postgres/blob/3d342deeb433060dbea02fdd276656a5563275d5/src/backend/storage/ipc/sinvaladt.c [00:18:49] Increase the number of fast-path lock slots (Tomas Vondra, 2024, Postgres 18) https://github.com/postgres/postgres/commit/c4d5cb71d229095a39fda1121a75ee40e6069a2a [00:23:38] Postgres 14 release notes: better scalability with many connections (Andres Freund's work) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/release/14.0/ [00:35:43] Rewrite the sinval messaging mechanism to reduce contention (Tom Lane, 2008) https://github.com/postgres/postgres/commit/fad153ec45299bd4d4f29dec8d9e04e2f1c08148 Tools [00:13:10] pg_repack https://github.com/reorg/pg_repack [00:20:24] PgBouncer, server_reset_query (default DISCARD ALL) https://www.pgbouncer.org/config.html#server_reset_query [00:24:06] Amazon RDS Performance Insights https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonRDS/latest/UserGuide/USER_PerfInsights.html [00:24:12] pg_ash, active session history for Postgres https://github.com/NikolayS/pg_ash Other [00:24:39] Linux Performance Tools, talk (Brendan Gregg) https://youtu.be/FJW8nGV4jxY [00:36:41] Don't Do This: Don't create temporary tables in frequently executed code (PostgreSQL wiki) https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Don%27t_Do_This#Don.27t_create_temporary_tables_in_frequently_executed_code Corrections (checked against the Postgres source after recording) [00:13:58] Two temp tables and an index are not "three records in, three out". Each temp table adds at least 13 catalog rows (pg_class, pg_type, pg_attribute, pg_depend), about 31 if it has a text column, and the index adds more. So 10M queries a day means at least 600 million catalog row changes, not 60M. [00:15:47] sinval means shared invalidation (of the catalog and relation caches), not "snapshot invalidation". [00:18:49] LWLock:LockManager: up to Postgres 17 a session has 16 fast-path lock slots; Postgres 18 has 64 by default and scales them with max_locks_per_transaction. But temp-table DDL takes AccessExclusiveLock, which never uses the fast path, so raising the setting does not make this wait go away (the brief measured 6.6 to 12.7% LockManager with it set to 1024). [00:25:09] The invalidation queue is a circular buffer of 4,096 messages, but writers never wait for readers. When it is half full (2,048 messages), the session that is furthest behind gets a catch-up signal, and it passes the signal on, one session at a time. When it is full, sessions that have not read are reset and must rebuild all their caches. Writers wait on SInvalWriteLock because there is one such lock for the whole cluster, and both a write (which flags every session) and a queue cleanup (which scans every session) hold it. [00:27:26] ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS does not make dead tuples: at commit it truncates the table and its indexes. And ON COMMIT DROP is not slow mostly because of more messages: without idle sessions the cost is catalog changes and file create and unlink; sinval is under 1%. Clarifications [00:04:02] Temp table data is invisible to other sessions, but the definition and statistics are visible (pg_class, pg_stat_all_tables). [00:05:32] The docs glossary defines bloat, and the definition includes dead row versions. [00:14:56] Wraparound: load is not the condition. Autovacuum never freezes temp tables, so any long-lived temp table holds back datfrozenxid. [00:17:05] "Catalog is global": the catalog is per database and ...

November 6, 2026Episode 1951 hr 8 min

Extensions on demand

Tip: watch on YouTube. Since episode 193, the video shows charts and illustrations as we talk. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oeAAqU00zk Nik and Kirk are joined by Álvaro Hernández to discuss how Postgres in containers gets its extensions: a fat image with all of them, extensions downloaded at run time, or StackGres Containers, built on DOCIR (Dynamic OCI Registry), which composes an image with only the extensions you ask for, on demand. They also discuss what this means for security, pinning versions, and major upgrades. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Times are podcast times of the first mention. Main link [00:18:54] Dynamic containers for PostgreSQL: what we measured (DBLab Forge brief, PostgresAI) https://console.postgres.ai/shared/brief/c501d438-b872-4705-89a6-bdab30ea1680 Álvaro and StackGres [00:00:25] Álvaro Hernández https://postgres.fm/people/alvaro-hernandez-tortosa [00:01:16] StackGres Containers (public beta; the images come from the registry host sgcr.io, and the demo used sgcr.dev, a dev instance) https://stackgres.io/containers [00:14:52] StackGres https://stackgres.io [00:20:55] PostgreSQL extensions in StackGres, loaded into running pods (docs) https://stackgres.io/doc/latest/features/extensions/ [00:24:28] StackGres extensions cache, experimental (docs) https://stackgres.io/doc/latest/administration/extensions/cache/ [01:04:08] Why Postgres extensions should be packaged and distributed as OCI images (Álvaro Hernández, 2024) https://ongres.com/blog/why-postgres-extensions-should-be-distributed-and-packaged-as-oci-images/ Episodes [00:00:25] Our previous episode with Álvaro: Citus + StackGres https://postgres.fm/episodes/citus-stackgres Hacking sessions [00:31:33] Hacking Postgres sessions with Andrey, Kirk and Nik (YouTube playlist, PostgresTV) https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLH8y1BNPAKjKDdJA7sDmFWUkbbYux3TRz Postgres and extensions [00:38:51] extension_control_path, new in Postgres 18 (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/18/runtime-config-client.html#GUC-EXTENSION-CONTROL-PATH [00:50:56] pg_background https://github.com/vibhorkum/pg_background [00:50:58] plsh (Peter Eisentraut) https://github.com/petere/plsh [01:02:58] PGXN, the PostgreSQL Extension Network https://pgxn.org [01:04:40] POC: Distributing Trunk binaries via OCI (David E. Wheeler, 2024) https://justatheory.com/2024/06/trunk-oci-poc/ [01:05:12] Anarchy in the Database: a survey and evaluation of DBMS extensibility (Kim, Slot, Andersen, Pavlo, VLDB 2025; tests extensions in pairs) https://www.vldb.org/pvldb/vol18/p1962-kim.pdf Containers [00:01:22] OCI image format specification https://github.com/opencontainers/image-spec [00:41:19] Spilo (Zalando), one Postgres image with several major versions https://github.com/zalando/spilo [01:05:43] Testcontainers, PostgreSQL module https://testcontainers.com/modules/postgresql/ Other [00:36:32] Mitchell Hashimoto on never updating dependencies unless it breaks (post on X, 2026-05-20) https://x.com/mitchellh/status/2057171518027887035 ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of PostgresAI With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork Intro and outro music: our own arrangement of Apple Loops from GarageBand (royalty-free under the GarageBand licence)

October 30, 2026Episode 19448 min

UUIDv4 vs UUIDv7

Tip: watch on YouTube. Since episode 193, the video shows charts and illustrations as we talk. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gf8e3JkQ_8M Nik is joined by Kirk Wolak to discuss what a random UUIDv4 primary key really costs compared with a time-ordered UUIDv7 or an int8 key on Postgres 18 — index size, WAL and full-page writes, insert rate once the index outgrows memory — and what DBLab Forge found when it ran the experiment. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Times are podcast times of the first mention. Main link [00:00:34] UUIDv4 vs UUIDv7 vs int8 primary keys on Postgres 18 (DBLab Forge brief, PostgresAI) https://console.postgres.ai/shared/brief/9fffe2da-00c1-470b-a79d-a210ae2306bc Hacking sessions [00:00:51] Hacking Postgres 101: ULID function (Postgres.TV, 2023) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPq_hiOE-N8 [00:00:51] Hacking Postgres sessions with Andrey, Kirk and Nik (YouTube playlist, PostgresTV) https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLH8y1BNPAKjKDdJA7sDmFWUkbbYux3TRz Episodes [00:05:53] Our previous episode with Kirk, also built on DBLab Forge: Dump/restore done. Now what? https://postgres.fm/episodes/dump-restore-done-now-what Postgres [00:01:34] Commit adding uuidv7() to Postgres 18 (78c5e141e9c1, 2024-12-11) https://git.postgresql.org/gitweb/?p=postgresql.git;a=commit;h=78c5e141e9c1 [00:04:16] UUID functions, uuidv7() and uuid_extract_timestamp() (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/18/functions-uuid.html [00:20:42] full_page_writes (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-FULL-PAGE-WRITES [00:25:01] wal_compression, lz4 and zstd (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-wal.html#GUC-WAL-COMPRESSION [00:31:07] pg_stat_io (docs) https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-IO-VIEW Standards and ID schemes [00:01:20] RFC 9562, Universally Unique IDentifiers (UUIDv7) https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9562 [00:28:05] ULID spec https://github.com/ulid/spec [00:41:29] Snowflake ID (Twitter) https://github.com/twitter-archive/snowflake [00:41:29] Sharding & IDs at Instagram https://instagram-engineering.com/sharding-ids-at-instagram-1cf5a71e5a5c Articles, books and tools [00:05:34] Sequential UUID generators (Tomas Vondra, 2018) https://www.enterprisedb.com/blog/sequential-uuid-generators [00:05:59] Systems Performance, 2nd edition (Brendan Gregg) https://www.brendangregg.com/systems-performance-2nd-edition-book.html [00:12:25] fio https://github.com/axboe/fio [00:26:17] Amazon Aurora pricing (I/O charges) https://aws.amazon.com/rds/aurora/pricing/ [00:32:53] UUIDv7 doesn't have the properties you think it does (Robert Alexander, 2026) https://alexsci.com/blog/uuidv7-is-weird/ [00:32:53] Hacker News discussion of that article https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=50211746 ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of PostgresAI With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork Intro and outro music: our own arrangement of Apple Loops from GarageBand (royalty-free under the GarageBand licence)

October 23, 2026Episode 19350 min

Dump/restore done. Now what?

Nik is joined by Kirk Wolak, Software Architect at KiraSoft, to discuss what a database still needs after pg_restore finishes and before it takes production traffic — what pg_dump and pg_restore leave behind, why autovacuum may not catch up in time, and how Postgres itself could do better. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Times are podcast times of the first mention. Hacking sessions [00:00:27] Hacking Postgres sessions with Andrey, Kirk and Nik (YouTube playlist, PostgresTV) https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLH8y1BNPAKjKDdJA7sDmFWUkbbYux3TRz [00:00:27] Hacking Postgres website https://hacking.postgres.tv [00:00:27] Hacking Postgres Telegram group https://t.me/postgres_hacking Episodes [00:00:27] Our previous episode with Kirk: GSoC B-Tree Merge https://postgres.fm/episodes/gsoc-btree-merge [00:03:23] Is pg_dump a backup tool? https://postgres.fm/episodes/is-pg_dump-a-backup-tool pgsql-hackers [00:15:39] pg_restore --include-analyze proposal (Jian He, 2025) https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CACJufxGx_YLLxmnZVMuUApiVYqjKrydvEQqD3qxhwM6e0_8jrQ%40mail.gmail.com [00:30:13] ANALYZE after restore (Christopher Kings-Lynne, 2002) https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/GNELIHDDFBOCMGBFGEFOOEOPCBAA.chriskl%40familyhealth.com.au [00:31:55] Statistics Import and Export (PG18 statistics transfer) https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CADkLM%3DfzX7QX6r78fShWDjNN3Vcr4PVAnvXxQ4DiGy6V%3D0bCUA%40mail.gmail.com Commits [00:04:39] Transfer statistics during pg_upgrade (adds statistics to pg_dump, PG18) https://github.com/postgres/postgres/commit/1fd1bd871012732e3c6c482667d2f2c56f1a9395 [00:30:13] vacuumdb --analyze-only processes partitioned tables (Laurenz Albe, PG19) https://github.com/postgres/postgres/commit/6429e5b771dbb98aa56441677b79cdb58f6e1675 [00:42:38] Set pd_prune_xid on insert (Melanie Plageman, PG19) https://github.com/postgres/postgres/commit/378a216187aea1b488ce60ed07dd1ac5c14a9984 ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of PostgresAI With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork Intro and outro music: our own arrangement of Apple Loops from GarageBand (royalty-free under the GarageBand licence)

October 16, 2026Episode 19258 min

Citus + StackGres

Nik and Michael are joined by Álvaro Hernández to discuss sharding Postgres with Citus and StackGres, especially the new query router support that has been added very recently. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Álvaro Hernández https://postgres.fm/people/alvaro-hernandez-tortosa Ongres https://ongres.com Scaling Citus without limits: announcing Query Routers in StackGres https://stackgres.io/blog/scaling-citus-beyond-one-coordinator-announcing-query-routers-stackgres/ Open-source Citus matches PlanetScale's Neki at 10M QPS on half the data nodes https://stackgres.io/blog/open-source-citus-matches-planetscales-neki-at-10m-qps-on-half-the-data-nodes/ Postgres TV discussion about licenses with Álvaro https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1rcbyIjA4gI Our episode with Sugu from Multigres https://postgres.fm/episodes/multigres Our (first) episode with Lev from PgDog https://postgres.fm/episodes/pgdog Citus https://github.com/citusdata/citus Citus goes fully open source (2022) https://www.citusdata.com/blog/2022/06/17/citus-11-goes-fully-open-source/ 6M requests per second using ClickHouse (blog post by Alex Bocharov / Cloudflare) https://blog.cloudflare.com/http-analytics-for-6m-requests-per-second-using-clickhouse/ pg_ash https://github.com/NikolayS/pg_ash 118 million queries per second on Neki (blog post by Florent Poinsard and Hirad Pourtahmasbi / PlanetScale) https://planetscale.com/blog/118-million-queries-per-second-on-neki Analyzing the Limits of Connection Scalability in Postgres (blog post by Andres Freund) https://www.citusdata.com/blog/2020/10/08/analyzing-connection-scalability/ ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

September 25, 2026Episode 19149 min

GSoC B-Tree Merge

Nik and Michael are joined by Salma El-Sayed and Kirk Wolak to discuss their in-progress and very ambitious Google Summer of Code project around adding Btree Merge support to Postgres. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Salma El-Sayed https://postgres.fm/people/salma-el-sayed Kirk Wolak https://postgres.fm/people/kirk-wolak Google Summer of Code https://summerofcode.withgoogle.com PostgreSQL GSoC 2026 project ideas https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/GSoC_2026 CMU Intro to Database Systems https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSE8ODhjZXjYMAgsGH-GtY5rJYZ6zjsd5 Kirk, NIK, and Andrey’s Hacking Postgres sessions on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLH8y1BNPAKjKDdJA7sDmFWUkbbYux3TRz B-tree Index Bloat Reduction - Approach & Questions (Hackers thread, with patches) https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CANBEAPFq3YAOydjUS3xwcUG9L6e3WE5Z4nGPk_Q3RsjSFWTJNA%40mail.gmail.com B-tree merge visualizer https://kirkw.github.io/explainers/btree-merge-explainer.html ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

September 18, 2026Episode 19043 min

ClickHouse Managed Postgres

Nik and Michael are joined by Sai Srirampur to discuss ClickHouse's new managed Postgres service. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Sai Srirampur https://postgres.fm/people/sai-srirampur ClickHouse Managed Postgres https://clickhouse.com/cloud/postgres ClickPipes https://clickhouse.com/cloud/clickpipes walshadow https://github.com/ClickHouse/walshadow pg_clickhouse https://github.com/clickHouse/pg_clickhouse ClickHouse PostgreSQL powered by Ubicloud https://www.ubicloud.com/blog/clickhouse-postgresql-powered-by-ubicloud Hacking Postgres logical decoding sessions https://hacking.postgres.tv/topics/logical-decoding/ wal-rus https://github.com/ClickHouse/wal-rus pg_createsubscriber https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pgcreatesubscriber.html ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

September 11, 2026Episode 18938 min

hot_standby_feedback

Nik and Michael discuss hot_standby_feedback — what it controls, whether and when read replicas should be changed to on, and other settings you can change to help too. Here are some links to things they mentioned: hot_standby_feedback https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-replication.html#GUC-HOT-STANDBY-FEEDBACK hot_standby_feedback: experiments on PostgreSQL 17 (by Nik) https://console.postgres.ai/shared/brief/6018f69d-8975-48e3-8259-a72c77105572 Best practices for Amazon RDS PostgreSQL replication (blog post) https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/database/best-practices-for-amazon-rds-postgresql-replication/ log_autovacuum_min_duration https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-logging.html#GUC-LOG-AUTOVACUUM-MIN-DURATION max_standby_streaming_delay https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-replication.html#GUC-MAX-STANDBY-STREAMING-DELAY WAIT FOR LSN https://www.postgresql.org/docs/19/sql-wait-for.html transaction_timeout https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-client.html#GUC-TRANSACTION-TIMEOUT Hot Standby Feedback should default to on in 9.3+ https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/20121130190227.GJ3957%40awork2.anarazel.de ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

August 21, 2026Episode 18850 min

Estimating work_mem

Nik and Michael are joined by Shaun Thomas to discuss estimating work_mem, memory management in general, and writing an extension to help. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Shaun Thomas https://postgres.fm/people/shaun-thomas work_mem https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-resource.html#GUC-WORK-MEM pg_stat_database https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/monitoring-stats.html#MONITORING-PG-STAT-DATABASE-VIEW ALTER ROLE SET configuration_parameter https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-alterrole.html#SQL-ALTERROLE-PARAMS-CONFIGURATION-PARAMETER hash_mem_multiplier https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/runtime-config-resource.html#GUC-HASH-MEM-MULTIPLIER Recent Postgres releases with 28 CVEs fixed https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/postgresql-186-1711-1615-1519-1424-and-19-beta-3-released-3365/ Systemic Risks in the Managed PostgreSQL Industry (part 1 of 6, Mehmet Ince) https://mehmetince.net/part-1-6-systemic-risks-in-the-managed-postgresql-industry-extension-risks-are-real-exploiting-postgis-memory-corruption-bug-at-neondb-supabase-and-many-more/ Improving Postgres Connection Scalability: Snapshots (blog post by Andres Freund) https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/blog/adforpostgresql/improving-postgres-connection-scalability-snapshots/1806462 ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork

August 14, 2026Episode 18735 min

pgrust

Nik and Michael are joined by Michael Malis, co-creator of pgrust, to discuss their Postgres rewrite, including reliability problems, compatibility testing, faster analytics, and a new JIT-compiled query engine. Here are some links to things they mentioned: Michael Malis https://postgres.fm/people/michael-malis pgrust https://github.com/malisper/pgrust The four horsemen behind Postgres outages (blog post by Michael Malis) https://malisper.me/the-four-horsemen-behind-thousands-of-postgres-outages Rebuilding Postgres for faster analytics: batching, operator fusion, and SIMD (blog post by Michael Malis) https://malisper.me/how-we-made-postgres-hundreds-of-times-faster-the-query-engine/ kani https://github.com/model-checking/kani Antithesis https://antithesis.com fsyncgate mailing list thread https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CAMsr%2BYHh%2B5Oq4xziwwoEfhoTZgr07vdGG%2Bhu%3D1adXx59aTeaoQ%40mail.gmail.com How AI Changes the Economics of JIT Compilers (blog post by Michael Malis) https://malisper.me/how-ai-changes-the-economics-of-jit-compilers/ Umbra DB https://umbra-db.com ~~~ What did you like or not like? What should we discuss next time? Let us know via a YouTube comment, on social media, or by commenting on our Google doc ! ~~~ Postgres FM is produced by: Michael Christofides, founder of pgMustard Nikolay Samokhvalov, founder of Postgres.ai With credit to: Jessie Draws for the elephant artwork