Explain to Shane

Hosted by AEI Podcasts

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145

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May 2026

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About the show

Technology has become increasingly important to policy debates, but these debates won’t be productive without an understanding of how the technology in question works. AEI Visiting Fellow Shane Tews interviews tech industry experts to explain how the apps, services, and structures of today's information technology systems work, and how they shape our social and economic life.

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May 28, 202629 min

Congressional Use of Artificial Intelligence (with Aubrey Wilson)

Artificial intelligence is being integrated into nearly every industry, but how is Congress using AI? As policymakers and their staff work to serve their constituents, can AI be used as a tool to modernize legislative operations, better equip staff, and strengthen our democratic processes? Congress has a unique opportunity to embrace this emerging technology, and failing to do so may leave it behind.To discuss this, Shane is joined by Aubrey Wilson, managing director of POPVOX Foundation. She has extensive experience on Capitol Hill as a former House legislative assistant, legislative correspondent, and deputy staff director for the Committee on House Administration in the 118th Congress. She was also a member of the R Street Institute’s governance policy and federal affairs team. Her work on the Hill and in academia provides a creative foundation for discussing how Congress is using AI.

May 14, 202656 min

Unlocking the Airwaves: Spectrum Allocation and Regulation (with Thomas Hazlett)

There is an invisible resource that powers our smartphones and connects our devices: spectrum airwaves. But regulations governing these airwaves were set decades ago, long before the age of smartphones and autonomous vehicles. With technology changing at a rapid pace, are these regulations for this finite resource outdated? What is the growing importance of airwave spectrum in an economy that is increasingly wireless? And what does a property-rights regime for spectrum look like in practice?Shane is joined by Professor Thomas Hazlett, author of the best-selling book The Political Spectrum: The Tumultuous Liberation of Wireless Technology, from Herbert Hoover to the Smartphone (2017) and a leading voice in telecommunications, media, and the internet. He is currently the H. H. Macaulay Endowed Professor of Economics and director of the Information Economy Project at Clemson University. He previously served as chief economist at the Federal Communications Commission. His extensive knowledge makes for an excellent conversation.

April 23, 202639 min

Trust and Safety in a Fragmented Digital World (with David Sullivan and Farzaneh Badiei)

Information technology and digital services are a rapidly changing sector operating in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. International bodies have struggled to fast-track standards for the digital services industry, and major companies have adopted their own. These trends risk creating a more fragmented world in which digital trust and safety suffer. To protect universal human rights, companies and governments need to speak the same language to identify industry best practices. The question remains: Which international bodies and frameworks are best equipped to address these challenges?Joining Shane are two experts working on the Digital Trust and Safety Partnership, David Sullivan and Farzaneh Badiei. The Digital Trust and Safety Partnership is an industry consortium focused on delivering best practices for protecting human rights in digital services. David Sullivan is the executive director of the partnership and previously served as the co-chair of the Digital Safety Risk Assessment Framework at the World Economic Forum’s Global Coalition for Digital Safety. Farzaneh Badiei is head of outreach and engagement at the partnership and is the founder of Digital Medusa, an organization that promotes sound digital governance.

April 9, 202645 min

Moving the Economy On-Chain (with Marc Boiron and Nicoletta Kolpakov)

As the digitization of the economy accelerates, the friction points facing the adoption of cryptocurrency are becoming more evident. The benefits of on-ramping to stablecoin are obvious: faster and more efficient money exchanges and improved cross-border transfers. Complicating adoption, however, are the challenges regulators face in assessing the risks associated with blockchain and defining the technology. Add to that the weight of an antiquated banking system and earning the public’s trust regarding their financial security. Ultimately, how do we best position ourselves to harness the benefits of crypto? And how do we make stablecoin accessible to everyone, not just tech-forward corporations?For this episode, Shane is joined by Polygon Labs CEO Marc Boiron. At Polygon, Boiron works with all aspects of the organization to scale out the company’s Open Money Stack and integrated services. Boiron is uniquely suited to answer these questions, having previously served as Polygon’s chief legal officer and understanding what policies it takes to move the economy on-chain. His background in both law and business positions him well to tackle the world of blockchain. Also joining the conversation is Nicoletta Kolpakov. She is the director of the Cirrus Institute, where she leads research and policy analysis in blockchain, digital finance, and AI.

March 26, 202627 min

Has the Cloud Gone Global? (with Michael Greenwald)

National security is becoming inextricably linked with cloud computing and AI—and this year’s Munich Security Conference solidified that fact. International statesmen met with technology leaders to discuss cloud infrastructure resilience, AI and automated defense systems, and the evolving dynamic between digital sovereignty and interoperability. But how will defense institutions balance the pressure to automate quickly without outrunning the workforce’s ability to trust the systems they depend on? And what developments in AI aren’t getting nearly enough attention from defense and policy leaders?Shane interviews Michael Greenwald, Director of Global Executive Relations at Amazon Web Services. Michael Greenwald joins us to discuss Munich, global defense alliances, and how AWS’s unique sovereign-by-design architecture powers innovation is secure, scalable AI and Cloud infrastructure. His previous experience as the US Treasury Department’s financial attaché to Qatar and Kuwait, paired with his deep understanding of technology systems, makes him an ideal guest to discuss the future of national security and automation.

March 12, 202648 min

Data Centers and Power Grids: The Battle for AI Infrastructure (with Lynne Kiesling and Steve DelBianco)

As artificial intelligence becomes a key part of national infrastructure, developers across the United States are rushing to build large data centers in many regions. Many of these areas haven’t seen this level of industrial growth in decades, and these projects appear to bring the promise of jobs and economic growth to communities that need it. Despite the potential for renewed prosperity, local residents are opposing data centers. Most cite environmental impacts and increasing energy costs as major concerns. Are these worries based in reality? If not, where are they originating from, and how can we address these narratives?To discuss this, I am joined by Lynne Kiesling and Steve DelBianco. Lynne is a nonresident senior fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, where she leads the Electricity Technology, Regulation, and Market Design Working Group. She also directs the Institute for Regulatory Law and Economics at the Northwestern University Center on Law, Business, and Economics, and is a member of the US Department of Energy’s Electricity Advisory Committee. Steve is the president and CEO of NetChoice, where he collaborates with its members to protect online free enterprise and free expression. He is a seasoned expert on internet governance.

February 26, 202629 min

GPS, the Invisible Foundation of Modern Infrastructure, Needs an Update (with Dana A. Goward and Jeff Hathaway)

The GPS is essential to modern navigation, communication, and critical infrastructure. However, the United States faces serious threats to GPS technology, many of which are rarely discussed publicly. In addition to the looming threat from Russian and Chinese weaponry, increasing orbital debris and severe space weather have the potential to damage or destroy American satellites, causing a complete collapse of our navigational systems. A sustained disruption could significantly impair navigation, timing, and communications systems nationwide.America has more satellites than any other country, and our economy depends heavily on space-based positioning, navigation, and timing services. Former members of the National Security Council and outside advisers have called GPS “a single point of failure for America.”To discuss this matter, Shane is joined by two experts in GPS policy. Dana A. Goward is president of the Resilient Navigation and Timing Foundation and a former member of the National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Advisory Board, which advises the government on GPS policy. He took this role after retiring from service in the Coast Guard and as the United States maritime navigation authority. Also joining Shane is Coast Guard Rear Admiral Jeff Hathaway (ret.), a longtime navigator and board member of the foundation.

February 12, 202617 min

The Future of Drones (with Brian Hinman and John Donovan)

Innovations in drone technology have expanded their usefulness and made drones increasingly present in everyday life. Despite this progress, key limitations such as short battery life and limited payload capacity have hindered their full potential in critical infrastructure. That reality is beginning to shift. Recent breakthroughs in long-endurance flight are pushing drones beyond these limits and into entirely new possibilities. As these advances reshape what drones can do, we must ask: What new possibilities do these breakthroughs unlock? And what might these possibilities mean for our everyday lives?In this episode, Shane is joined by Brian Hinman, the founder and CEO of SiFly, and John Donovan, the CEO of Qudit Investments and a board member at Palo Alto Networks and Lockheed Martin. As leaders of these innovations in drone technology, they draw on their extensive experience in aviation, defense, and technology to help us explore how this next phase of drone development could change the way we think about infrastructure, emergency response, and the future of aviation itself.

January 29, 202635 min

Technology and Vulnerability: How Current Cybersecurity Measures Fall Short (with Greg Oslan)

With the advent of the digital age, individuals rely on countless personal devices, each one expanding their exposure to cybercrime. Missing one or two software updates may seem harmless, but this common negligence leaves us vulnerable to cyberattacks. With the number of individuals falling prey to cybercrime increasing on a yearly basis, we must ask: Why have established cybersecurity measures failed to halt or slow down the activity of cybercriminals? And what can we do to better protect ourselves and others?In this episode, Shane interviews Greg Oslan, chairman and CEO of the National Cybersecurity Center, on how we can do just that. Oslan has previously served as a managing partner at One Strategy Group consulting, CEO of Arturo, and a strategic adviser for the US Department of Homeland Security. His wide-ranging experience with this matter helps us make sense of how we can become safer online.

December 24, 202532 min

How AI Is Shifting the Telecom Landscape (with Roger Entner)

As the increased use of artificial intelligence necessitates connectivity, it will continue to become inextricably linked to the digital network landscape. When people talk about artificial intelligence, they usually focus on algorithms, chips, or data centers. But there’s a less visible piece that determines whether any of it works in the real world: digital networks. AI doesn’t live in one place. It moves. It learns. It responds in real time. And all of that depends on the networks that carry data among devices, clouds, and people. In many ways, telecommunications and cable operators are the digital networks that make up the transportation system of the AI economy—the highways, railroads, and air traffic control that make intelligence usable at scale for businesses and consumers.In this episode, Shane interviews Roger Entner, one of the most respected analysts in telecommunications and digital infrastructure. Roger is the founder of Recon Analytics. He advises companies on strategy and public policy in telecommunications, technology, AI, and media. Previously, he served as senior vice president and head of telecom research at the Nielsen Company. He’s spent decades studying how networks evolve, how policy shapes investment, and why connectivity is central to innovation. Compute may create intelligence, but networks deliver it, from mobile and broadband to the next wave of AI-driven services. His decades of experience in the telecommunications industry give him the depth of expertise to discuss the future of artificial intelligence in this space.