Within Normal Limits: Navigating Medical Risks

Hosted by COPIC, Eric Zacharias MD

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Jul 2026

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About the show

Within Normal Limits provides physicians and medical professionals with unfiltered insights that focus on pitfalls to avoid in medicine and best practices to improve patient care. Hosted by Eric Zacharias, MD, an internal medicine doctor and physician risk manager with COPIC, a leading medical liability insurance company, this podcast centers around open conversations between physicians and medical experts. Each episode dives into topics including practical guidance, detailed analysis, current issues, and case study reviews. Within Normal Limits is an opportunity to learn from others’ experience and gain knowledge that may help you be a better medical provider and deliver the best patient care possible.

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60 recent

July 24, 202627 min

Exploring the Concept of Medical Gaslighting

Is a patient’s concern being overlooked, or is it simply a case of diagnostic uncertainty? In this episode of Within Normal Limits , Dr. Eric Zacharias is joined by Dr. Susan Sgambati, Senior Risk Manager at Copic, to explore the growing concern of medical gaslighting and its impact on patient safety, trust, and outcomes. The conversation examines how clinicians can unintentionally dismiss or minimize a patient's symptoms through cognitive biases, diagnostic shortcuts, communication missteps, and systemic pressures. Dr. Sgambati explains why medical gaslighting is often not intentional, identifies patient populations most vulnerable to experiencing it, and shares practical strategies for recognizing and addressing these behaviors in clinical practice. Feedback or episode ideas email the show at wnlpodcast@copic.com Disclaimer: Information provided in this podcast should not be relied upon for personal, medical, legal, or financial decisions and you should consult an appropriate professional for specific advice that pertains to your situation. Health care providers should exercise their professional judgment in connection with the provision of healthcare services. The information contained in this podcast is not intended to be, nor is it, a substitute for medical diagnosis, treatment, advice, or judgment relative to a patient’s specific condition.

April 30, 202624 min

Ophthalmology for the Non-Ophthalmologist with Dr. Jennifer Grin

In this episode, we talk with ophthalmologist Dr. Jennifer Grin about a practical, high-yield approach to evaluating eye complaints, documenting findings, and knowing when to urgently refer. The conversation covers a breakdown of an “easy eye exam” any clinician can do from starting with visual acuity as the eye’s vital sign to realistic expectations for the fundus exam. Dr. Grin reviews warning signs such as sudden vision loss, abnormal pupils, flashes/floaters with a curtain (retinal detachment), and concerning trauma. She also highlights common pitfalls like mislabeling serious diseases like conjunctivitis, missing open globe injuries, and prescribing topical steroids or anesthetics without a clear diagnosis. Feedback or episode ideas email the show at wnlpodcast@copic.com Disclaimer: Information provided in this podcast should not be relied upon for personal, medical, legal, or financial decisions and you should consult an appropriate professional for specific advice that pertains to your situation. Health care providers should exercise their professional judgment in connection with the provision of healthcare services. The information contained in this podcast is not intended to be, nor is it, a substitute for medical diagnosis, treatment, advice, or judgment relative to a patient’s specific condition.

March 5, 202630 min

An Inside Look at Today’s Medical School Environment with Brian Dwinnell

This episode features Brian Dwinnell, Associate Dean of Student Life at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, who shares his insights on medical school admissions, student support, and curriculum changes. The discussion touches on the competitive application process, the school’s holistic review philosophy, and how the new systems-based curriculum known as “Trek” is designed to better prepare and support students. The episode also covers trends in residency matching and dispels common myths about medical school, ending with an optimistic outlook on the next generation of physicians. Feedback or episode ideas email the show at wnlpodcast@copic.com Disclaimer: Information provided in this podcast should not be relied upon for personal, medical, legal, or financial decisions and you should consult an appropriate professional for specific advice that pertains to your situation. Health care providers should exercise their professional judgment in connection with the provision of healthcare services. The information contained in this podcast is not intended to be, nor is it, a substitute for medical diagnosis, treatment, advice, or judgment relative to a patient’s specific condition.

February 19, 202635 min

A Physician’s Journey Through Injury and Return to Practice with Dr. Catrina Bubier

In this episode, we welcome Catrina Bubier, MD, an OB/GYN physician and member of Copic’s Board of Directors. Dr. Bubier details her experience with a serious hand injury that temporarily sidelined her from surgical practice. She shares how the injury and subsequent surgeries impacted her ability to work, her relationships with practice partners, and her finances. Dr. Bubier discusses the importance of disability insurance, the emotional challenges of facing a potential end to her career, and the value of planning ahead for unexpected life events. The episode also touches on her advocacy work with ACOG and offers practical advice for physicians on preparing for disability, understanding employment contracts, and building financial resilience. Feedback or episode ideas email the show at wnlpodcast@copic.com Disclaimer: Information provided in this podcast should not be relied upon for personal, medical, legal, or financial decisions and you should consult an appropriate professional for specific advice that pertains to your situation. Health care providers should exercise their professional judgment in connection with the provision of healthcare services. The information contained in this podcast is not intended to be, nor is it, a substitute for medical diagnosis, treatment, advice, or judgment relative to a patient’s specific condition.

January 3, 202624 min

Understanding the Concepts of Psychological Size and Psychological Safety

This episode’s guest is Dr. Mark Earnest, Division Head of Internal Medicine at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical School. The conversation centers on the concepts of psychological size and psychological safety in medicine. Psychological size is described as a relational dynamic involving power and status within professional interactions. Psychological safety refers to creating an environment where people feel comfortable having open, honest conversations. Dr. Earnest shares stories that illustrate these concepts in the healthcare setting and emphasizes how leaders must be proactive in recognizing and managing power dynamics. In addition, he highlights the benefits of early education, how ongoing modeling of positive behaviors are essential, and that organizational culture set by leadership has measurable impacts on outcomes, satisfaction, and risk. Feedback or episode ideas email the show at wnlpodcast@copic.com Disclaimer: Information provided in this podcast should not be relied upon for personal, medical, legal, or financial decisions and you should consult an appropriate professional for specific advice that pertains to your situation. Health care providers should exercise their professional judgment in connection with the provision of healthcare services. The information contained in this podcast is not intended to be, nor is it, a substitute for medical diagnosis, treatment, advice, or judgment relative to a patient’s specific condition.

October 9, 202529 min

Responding to Subpoenas—Best Practices and What to Avoid

We welcome Dean McConnell, deputy general counsel at Copic, as this episode’s guest who shares his thoughts on handling subpoenas, especially those involving medical records. McConnell starts by describing key details about subpoenas, the requirements of serving subpoenas, and how medical providers can confirm the validity of a subpoena. He explains the importance of carefully reviewing the scope of medical records requests and only producing the requested information while respecting confidentiality and privileges due to HIPAA, physician-patient privilege, and attorney-client privilege. In addition, Dean walks through a list of pitfalls to avoid with subpoenas, along with practical suggestions and when to seek legal counsel. https://www.copic.com/restricted-content/?resource_link=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.copic.com%2Fresource%2Fguide-to-responding-to-civil-supoenas%2F Feedback or episode ideas email the show at wnlpodcast@copic.com Disclaimer: Information provided in this podcast should not be relied upon for personal, medical, legal, or financial decisions and you should consult an appropriate professional for specific advice that pertains to your situation. Health care providers should exercise their professional judgment in connection with the provision of healthcare services. The information contained in this podcast is not intended to be, nor is it, a substitute for medical diagnosis, treatment, advice, or judgment relative to a patient’s specific condition.

September 25, 202526 min

A Conversation with Heidi Baskfield About Addressing Youth Mental Health

In this episode, we talk with Heidi Baskfield, the founder of Speak Our Minds, an organization dedicated to addressing the youth mental health crisis in the United States. Baskfield talks about her journey from political advocacy to health leadership and the committed effort required to transform youth mental health care. Their conversation explores the overwhelming mental health needs of children and the insufficiency of existing resources, which led to the declaration of a state of emergency in Colorado regarding youth mental health. Baskfield outlies four principle aims that Speak Our Minds is focused on: building robust systems of care, bolstering prevention and early intervention, addressing disproportionate impact in communities, and supporting the mental health workforce. Movie - The Wait to Nowhere - https://youtu.be/hPz9yywiQfU?si=L1Wx75Y3DNGZ6h-K Website - Speakourminds.org Feedback or episode ideas email the show at wnlpodcast@copic.com Disclaimer: Information provided in this podcast should not be relied upon for personal, medical, legal, or financial decisions and you should consult an appropriate professional for specific advice that pertains to your situation. Health care providers should exercise their professional judgment in connection with the provision of healthcare services. The information contained in this podcast is not intended to be, nor is it, a substitute for medical diagnosis, treatment, advice, or judgment relative to a patient’s specific condition.

September 4, 202519 min

The Risks and Benefits of Remote Patient Monitoring Wearables

This episode features a conversation with Kate Castells, a risk management nurse at Copic, who talks about remote patient monitoring (RPM) wearables. They discuss the evolution and range of RPMs, from FDA-approved medical devices to consumer smart watches, with a focus on the clinical value of data collected and what can be used in medical decision-making. In addition, they look at the risks of using consumer device data, the importance of staff and patient education, and the potential benefits that may support care for certain patients. Feedback or episode ideas email the show at wnlpodcast@copic.com Disclaimer: Information provided in this podcast should not be relied upon for personal, medical, legal, or financial decisions and you should consult an appropriate professional for specific advice that pertains to your situation. Health care providers should exercise their professional judgment in connection with the provision of healthcare services. The information contained in this podcast is not intended to be, nor is it, a substitute for medical diagnosis, treatment, advice, or judgment relative to a patient’s specific condition.

August 1, 202523 min

A Discussion with Dr. Josina Romero O'Connell, Director of the Colorado Area Health Education Center

Colorado AHEC website: https://www.cuanschutz.edu/centers/coahec Feedback or episode ideas email the show at wnlpodcast@copic.com Disclaimer: Information provided in this podcast should not be relied upon for personal, medical, legal, or financial decisions and you should consult an appropriate professional for specific advice that pertains to your situation. Health care providers should exercise their professional judgment in connection with the provision of healthcare services. The information contained in this podcast is not intended to be, nor is it, a substitute for medical diagnosis, treatment, advice, or judgment relative to a patient’s specific condition.

April 19, 202517 min

Copic Medical Foundation Grant Recipient: Healing Hands Community Doula Project

This episode features Darlene Turner from Healing Hands Community Doula Project, which aims to support expectant mothers, particularly in the Black community, through their pregnancy journey. The grant from the Copic Medical Foundation is being used for a program that trains perinatal community health workers to provide extensive support, including birth and postpartum planning, lactation guidance, family dynamics, and more. This initiative primarily serves Medicaid populations, addressing additional complexities such as Medicaid reimbursement, and aims to improve overall birth outcomes. Website -- Healinghandscp.org Feedback or episode ideas email the show at wnlpodcast@copic.com Disclaimer: Information provided in this podcast should not be relied upon for personal, medical, legal, or financial decisions and you should consult an appropriate professional for specific advice that pertains to your situation. Health care providers should exercise their professional judgment in connection with the provision of healthcare services. The information contained in this podcast is not intended to be, nor is it, a substitute for medical diagnosis, treatment, advice, or judgment relative to a patient’s specific condition.