
Winston Ma on Why The Public Has a Claim on AI
Winston Ma has been a Wall Street lawyer at Davis Polk, an investment banker at J.P. Morgan and an investor at China Investment Corporation, China's sovereign wealth fund. He now runs the Global Public Investment Funds Forum, teaches sovereign wealth funds at NYU School of Law and invests in AI as a partner at Dragon Global. His new book is Who Owns AI? Sovereign Wealth Funds, State Ownership, and the Race for Sovereign AI. If AI is the wealth of the nation, Winston argues, it should be managed for the generations to come. He lays out the three parties with a claim on AI (the companies that build it, the public whose knowledge and data trained it, and the state that runs the infrastructure underneath) and weighs the offers now on the table from Bernie Sanders, OpenAI, Anthropic and Elon Musk. Then we get to how a public AI fund should be run: why it should both pay out and compound, what Norway, Alaska and Singapore's Temasek teach, what changes when the government owns a company it also regulates, as it now does with Intel, and why South Korea's chip windfall is the case to watch. Winston spoke on the closing plenary of the Ownership Economy Summit in New York on October 1, and we're planning 2027 now. If you or your organization want to be part of it as a program partner, speaker or sponsor, write to summit@ownershipeconomy.com. Chapters 00:00 Introduction 02:01 Welcome back, and Winston's new book 02:57 From semiconductors to sovereign wealth 04:40 What a sovereign wealth fund is 06:23 Funds Americans already have: Alaska and New Mexico 07:06 Bernie Sanders' AI fund and the Alaska model 09:14 Who owns AI? The companies, the public, the state 12:00 Which public? What Norway shows 15:10 The resource curse and the intelligence curse 17:10 Why sovereign funds exist 22:08 The offers: Sanders and OpenAI 26:27 Anthropic's public benefit fund 27:35 Musk's SpaceX share for every child 29:03 Ownership without governance: checks or compounding 32:54 Norway or Temasek? 35:13 What a U.S. AI fund would own 37:17 When Washington owns Intel 40:14 How Singapore keeps its distance 43:35 Gulf money and strategic investing 46:05 Beyond the state: co-ops and the ownership stack 46:40 Ireland's windfall 53:01 South Korea's chip windfall 56:40 Ten years out Resources Who Owns AI?, Winston's new book: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0HPQXNLNV His Substack, SWF Sovereign AI: https://winstonmaswf.substack.com Global Public Investment Funds Forum, NYU Law: https://www.law.nyu.edu/global/guarini-institute/global-public-investment-funds-forum Sanders' American AI Sovereign Wealth Fund Act: https://www.sanders.senate.gov/?p=102111 OpenAI's floated 5% stake (Financial Times, via The Star): https://www.thestar.com.my/tech/tech-news/2026/07/02/openai-proposes-handing-trump-administration-5-stake-ft-reports Anthropic's Public Benefit Fund: https://www.anthropic.com/news/public-benefit-fund Musk's SpaceX share for every child: https://www.cpapracticeadvisor.com/?p=192012 Norway's fund and its spending rule: https://www.nbim.no/en/about-us/about-the-fund/ Alaska Permanent Fund Corporation: https://apfc.org/ Temasek's portfolio: https://www.temasek.com.sg/en/our-investments/our-portfolio The U.S. government's stake in Intel: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20250822458848/en South Korea's Future Response Fund: https://www.khan.co.kr/en/article/202610041546017 The Intelligence Curse: https://intelligence-curse.ai/ Find Winston: https://www.linkedin.com/in/winston-ma/













