Nurturing Financial Freedom

Hosted by Ed Lambert and Alex Cabot, Jon Gay

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Jun 2026

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This podcast is hosted by Ed Lambert and Alex Cabot, managing partners of Birch Run Financial and Financial Advisors with Raymond James Financial Services. Their mission is to help spread financial literacy. The majority of adults only know a fraction of what they should about personal finance. On this podcast, Ed and Alex will discuss both basic and advanced concepts on how to manage your money. Whether you are 22 or 62; an MBA or an engineer, you can learn something today. Securities offered through Raymond James Financial Services, Inc., member FINRA/SIPC. Investment advisory services offered through Raymond James Financial Services Advisors, Inc. Birch Run Financial is not a registered broker/dealer and is independent of Raymond James. Content represents the opinions of the speaker and not necessarily those of Raymond James. Important Disclosure Information: http://raymondjames.com/smicd.htm Birch Run Financial is located at 595 E Swedesford Rd, Ste 360, Wayne, PA 19087 and can be reached at 484.395.2190. The rating is not intended to be an endorsement, or any way indicative of the advisors abilities to provide investment advice or management. This podcast is intended for informational purposes only.

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June 11, 202629 min

Diversification: Domestic vs International Equities

In this episode, we look at a question many investors are asking right now: why own international stocks when U.S. stocks have done so well for so long? We start with the reality behind the question. Over the past decade, the S&P 500 has far outpaced developed international markets, and that gap has made investors wonder whether international exposure still matters. Ed explains that this skepticism is understandable. Many large U.S. companies, including Apple, Microsoft, Nvidia, and Amazon, already sell products around the world and benefit from global growth. That makes it easy to think a U.S. stock portfolio already provides enough global exposure. But the other side of the issue is concentration. The U.S. market now represents roughly 60 to 65 percent of global market capitalization, which means a U.S. only investor is choosing to leave out about 35 to 40 percent of the global stock market. Now, this is not an anti U.S. argument. U.S. companies remain dominant, innovative, and important. The point is that diversification asks whether it makes sense to concentrate entirely in one country, even one as strong as the United States. The discussion then turns to history. Alex explains that market leadership is never permanent, even though it often feels permanent in the moment. Investors are shaped by what they have recently experienced. Today, many younger investors have only known an environment where U.S. equities beat international markets. That can make diversification feel unnecessary. But in earlier periods, international stocks, emerging markets, and even fixed income led for meaningful stretches of time. The lesson is not that international stocks are guaranteed to outperform next. The lesson is that no one knows what will lead next. Alex describes diversification as an exercise in humility. We do not diversify because we know what is going to happen. We diversify because we do not know. Trying to build a portfolio around yesterday’s winners can turn investing into performance chasing. That may work for a while, but history shows that trends change, valuations shift, currencies move, and leadership rotates. Our main takeaway is that diversification can feel frustrating during long periods when one asset class dominates. But its purpose is not to win every year. Its purpose is to build a portfolio that can handle many different market environments over time. International exposure remains part of that discipline because it adds different currencies, economies, industries, demographics, and market cycles to a long term investment plan. You can always email Alex and Ed at info@birchrunfinancial.com or give them a call at 484-395-2190.Or visit them on the web at https://www.birchrunfinancial.com/Alex and Ed's Book: Mastering The Money Mind: https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Money-Mind-Thinking-Personal/dp/1544530536 Any opinions are those of Ed Lambert Alex Cabot, financial advisors, RJFS, and Jon Gay, and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James. The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. There is no assurance any of the trends mentioned will continue or forecasts will occur. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but Raymond James does not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation. The examples throughout this material are for illustrative purposes only. Raymond James does not provide tax or legal services. Please discuss these matters with the appropriate professional. Diversification and asset allocation do not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. Past performance is not indicative of future returns. CDs are insured by the FDIC and offer a fixed rate of return, whereas the return and principal value of investment securities fluctuate with changes in market conditions. The S&P 500 is an unmanaged index of 500 widely held stocks that is generally considered representative of the U.S. Stock Market. Keep in mind that individuals cannot invest directly in any index, and index performance does not include transaction costs or other fees, which will affect actual investment performance. Individual investor's results will vary. This information is not intended as a solicitation or an offer to buy or sell any security referred to herein. Future investment performance cannot be guaranteed, investment yields will fluctuate with market conditions. International investing involves special risks, including currency fluctuations, differing financial accounting standards, and possible political and economic volatility. There is an inverse relationship between interest rate movements and bond prices. Generally, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall and when interest rates fall, bond prices generally rise. Investing in small cap stocks generally involves greater risks, and therefore, may not be appropriate for every investor. The prices of small company stocks may be subject to more volatility than those of large company stocks. Securities offered through Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. Member FINRA/SIPC. Investment advisory services offered through Raymond James Financial Services Advisors, Inc. Birch Run Financial is not a registered broker/dealer and is independent of Raymond James Financial Services. Birch Run Financial is located at 595 E Swedesford Rd, Ste 360, Wayne PA 19087 and can be reached at 484-395-2190. Any rating is not intended to be an endorsement, or any way indicative of the advisors' abilities to provide investment advice or management.  This podcast is intended for informational purposes only.Links are being provided for information purposes only. Raymond James is not affiliated with and does not endorse, authorize, or sponsor any of the listed websites or their respective sponsors.Raymond James is not responsible for the content of any website or the collection or use of information regarding any website’s users or members.  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

April 23, 202619 min

Growth Stocks vs Value Stocks - What Are They, Really?

In this episode, we break down what growth stocks and value stocks really are, why they behave differently, and why investors often get tripped up trying to choose between them. Alex starts with the basics. Growth stocks are companies that are expected to increase earnings or revenue faster than the overall market. These businesses usually reinvest heavily into expansion, new products, or new markets, which means they often pay little or no dividend. Investors are usually willing to pay more for these companies today because of what they may become in the future. That potential can create strong upside, but it also makes growth stocks harder to value and often more volatile. We then contrast that with value stocks. These are usually more established businesses that trade at lower valuations relative to earnings or fundamentals. They tend to have steadier cash flow, more mature business models, and in many cases they return profits to shareholders through dividends. Value investing is usually less about big future expectations and more about what an investor is paying for right now. These stocks can feel less exciting, but that stability and predictability are often part of the appeal. From there, we explain why neither style is always better. Growth tends to do well when interest rates are low, optimism is high, and investors are more comfortable paying for future earnings. Value tends to hold up better when rates are higher, inflation is a concern, and investors care more about present cash flow and valuation discipline. Market leadership rotates because the economic environment changes, investor sentiment changes, and pricing changes with it. The heart of the episode is the warning against trying to time those rotations. Often, investors chase whatever has been working recently, only to shift right before leadership changes. The last several years have shown exactly how quickly that can happen, with growth leading, then value, then growth again, and now value showing strength in early 2026. That kind of movement feels obvious only in hindsight. The main takeaway is simple. Instead of trying to guess which style will win next, we are better served by owning a mix of both. A balanced portfolio, combined with regular rebalancing, creates discipline. It helps trim what has recently run up and add to what has lagged. That reduces performance chasing and keeps the portfolio aligned over time. As always, successful investing is usually less about prediction and more about structure, patience, and staying diversified. You can always email Alex and Ed at info@birchrunfinancial.com or give them a call at 484-395-2190.Or visit them on the web at https://www.birchrunfinancial.com/Alex and Ed's Book: Mastering The Money Mind: https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Money-Mind-Thinking-Personal/dp/1544530536 Any opinions are those of Ed Lambert Alex Cabot, financial advisors, RJFS, and Jon Gay, and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James. The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. There is no assurance any of the trends mentioned will continue or forecasts will occur. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but Raymond James does not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation. The examples throughout this material are for illustrative purposes only. Raymond James does not provide tax or legal services. Please discuss these matters with the appropriate professional. Diversification and asset allocation do not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. Past performance is not indicative of future returns. CDs are insured by the FDIC and offer a fixed rate of return, whereas the return and principal value of investment securities fluctuate with changes in market conditions. The S&P 500 is an unmanaged index of 500 widely held stocks that is generally considered representative of the U.S. Stock Market. Keep in mind that individuals cannot invest directly in any index, and index performance does not include transaction costs or other fees, which will affect actual investment performance. Individual investor's results will vary. This information is not intended as a solicitation or an offer to buy or sell any security referred to herein. Future investment performance cannot be guaranteed, investment yields will fluctuate with market conditions. International investing involves special risks, including currency fluctuations, differing financial accounting standards, and possible political and economic volatility. There is an inverse relationship between interest rate movements and bond prices. Generally, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall and when interest rates fall, bond prices generally rise. Investing in small cap stocks generally involves greater risks, and therefore, may not be appropriate for every investor. The prices of small company stocks may be subject to more volatility than those of large company stocks. Securities offered through Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. Member FINRA/SIPC. Investment advisory services offered through Raymond James Financial Services Advisors, Inc. Birch Run Financial is not a registered broker/dealer and is independent of Raymond James Financial Services. Birch Run Financial is located at 595 E Swedesford Rd, Ste 360, Wayne PA 19087 and can be reached at 484-395-2190. Any rating is not intended to be an endorsement, or any way indicative of the advisors' abilities to provide investment advice or management.  This podcast is intended for informational purposes only.Links are being provided for information purposes only. Raymond James is not affiliated with and does not endorse, authorize, or sponsor any of the listed websites or their respective sponsors.Raymond James is not responsible for the content of any website or the collection or use of information regarding any website’s users or members.  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

March 25, 202627 min

What are Bonds, Really?

What are bonds? This is the next part of our ongoing breakdown of core investing building blocks, following stocks and gold in January and February, respectively. Bonds are often misunderstood, but at their core they are simple. Ed starts us off with the basics. A bond is a loan. When we buy a bond, we lend money to a government, corporation, or municipality. In return, they pay us interest over time and return our principal at maturity. Unlike stocks, we are not buying ownership or growth. We are buying predictability and stability. Next, the key components of a bond: We cover principal, which is typically $1,000 per bond, the coupon, which is the interest payment, and maturity, which is when we get our money back. Longer maturities usually come with higher interest because they carry more uncertainty. We also highlight a critical concept. Bond prices and interest rates move in opposite directions. When rates rise, bond prices fall. When rates fall, bond prices rise. This helps explain why bonds struggled in 2022 and how they can recover when rates decline. Why do bonds exist? From the issuer’s side, they are a way to raise money for spending, projects, or refinancing debt. From the investor’s side, bonds provide steady income, lower volatility than stocks, and diversification within a portfolio. They help create balance and reduce overall risk. Alex then explores different types of bonds. We cover U.S. Treasuries, municipal bonds, and corporate bonds. Treasuries are considered the safest. Municipal bonds can offer tax advantages. Corporate bonds provide higher yields but come with more risk. Further, within corporate bonds, we distinguish between investment grade and high yield, or junk bonds, which carry greater default risk but higher potential returns. We also explain the risks involved. These include credit risk, interest rate risk, reinvestment risk, and inflation risk. While bonds are more stable than stocks, they are not risk free. Understanding these risks is essential for proper portfolio planning. Finally, we emphasize the role bonds play in a portfolio. They provide income, stability, and psychological comfort during market volatility. They help investors stay disciplined and avoid emotional decisions. Bonds may not be "exciting," but they can be a key portfolio piece for balance and long term success. You can always email Alex and Ed at info@birchrunfinancial.com or give them a call at 484-395-2190.Or visit them on the web at https://www.birchrunfinancial.com/Alex and Ed's Book: Mastering The Money Mind: https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Money-Mind-Thinking-Personal/dp/1544530536 Any opinions are those of Ed Lambert Alex Cabot, financial advisors, RJFS, and Jon Gay, and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James. The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. There is no assurance any of the trends mentioned will continue or forecasts will occur. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but Raymond James does not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation. The examples throughout this material are for illustrative purposes only. Raymond James does not provide tax or legal services. Please discuss these matters with the appropriate professional. Diversification and asset allocation do not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. Past performance is not indicative of future returns. CDs are insured by the FDIC and offer a fixed rate of return, whereas the return and principal value of investment securities fluctuate with changes in market conditions. The S&P 500 is an unmanaged index of 500 widely held stocks that is generally considered representative of the U.S. Stock Market. Keep in mind that individuals cannot invest directly in any index, and index performance does not include transaction costs or other fees, which will affect actual investment performance. Individual investor's results will vary. This information is not intended as a solicitation or an offer to buy or sell any security referred to herein. Future investment performance cannot be guaranteed, investment yields will fluctuate with market conditions. International investing involves special risks, including currency fluctuations, differing financial accounting standards, and possible political and economic volatility. There is an inverse relationship between interest rate movements and bond prices. Generally, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall and when interest rates fall, bond prices generally rise. Investing in small cap stocks generally involves greater risks, and therefore, may not be appropriate for every investor. The prices of small company stocks may be subject to more volatility than those of large company stocks. Securities offered through Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. Member FINRA/SIPC. Investment advisory services offered through Raymond James Financial Services Advisors, Inc. Birch Run Financial is not a registered broker/dealer and is independent of Raymond James Financial Services. Birch Run Financial is located at 595 E Swedesford Rd, Ste 360, Wayne PA 19087 and can be reached at 484-395-2190. Any rating is not intended to be an endorsement, or any way indicative of the advisors' abilities to provide investment advice or management.  This podcast is intended for informational purposes only.Links are being provided for information purposes only. Raymond James is not affiliated with and does not endorse, authorize, or sponsor any of the listed websites or their respective sponsors.Raymond James is not responsible for the content of any website or the collection or use of information regarding any website’s users or members.  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

February 20, 202623 min

What IS Gold, Really?

In a follow up to our last episode, we explore a simple but important question: "What is gold, really?" We begin by revisiting our broader discussion about understanding what we actually own in our portfolios. Last month we talked about stocks as ownership in real businesses. This month we shift our focus to gold and examine how it differs. We start with the history. Gold did not become valuable because governments declared it so. It became valuable because of its unique characteristics. It is scarce, durable, divisible, and universally recognizable. For thousands of years, these traits made it an effective store of value and a medium of exchange across cultures. Paper currency originally represented claims on physical gold under the gold standard. Over time, most countries moved to fiat currency, which is backed by trust in the issuing government rather than a physical asset. Even after that shift, gold remained part of the financial conversation because it exists outside the political system. It does not rely on promises. It simply exists. We then clarify a key distinction. Gold preserves value, but it does not create value. Unlike stocks, gold does not generate earnings, innovate, or grow. It does not produce income. Its price is largely driven by perception, including inflation expectations, interest rates, confidence in institutions, and fear. We discuss how gold peaked around $850 per ounce in 1980 and then took decades to recover that level. That example highlights that gold can experience very long periods of weak performance. At the same time, gold can also have strong years, especially during times of uncertainty. We explain that gold is best viewed as a tool, not a core growth engine. Because it often has a lower correlation with stocks, a small allocation can help reduce portfolio volatility. In many cases, that allocation may range from 1 to 5 percent. The purpose matters. Are we hedging inflation, extreme uncertainty, or simply seeking confidence? When used thoughtfully, gold can provide diversification and emotional stability during downturns. Every holding in a portfolio should have a purpose. Gold is not a magical solution, but it is not useless either. Understanding what we own and why we own it remains central to long term investment success. Note: Gold is subject to the special risks associated with investing in precious metals, including but not limited to: price may be subject to wide fluctuation; the market is relatively limited; the sources are concentrated in countries that have the potential for instability; and the market is unregulated. You can always email Alex and Ed at info@birchrunfinancial.com or give them a call at 484-395-2190.Or visit them on the web at https://www.birchrunfinancial.com/Alex and Ed's Book: Mastering The Money Mind: https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Money-Mind-Thinking-Personal/dp/1544530536 Any opinions are those of Ed Lambert Alex Cabot, financial advisors, RJFS, and Jon Gay, and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James. The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. There is no assurance any of the trends mentioned will continue or forecasts will occur. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but Raymond James does not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation. The examples throughout this material are for illustrative purposes only. Raymond James does not provide tax or legal services. Please discuss these matters with the appropriate professional. Diversification and asset allocation do not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. Past performance is not indicative of future returns. CDs are insured by the FDIC and offer a fixed rate of return, whereas the return and principal value of investment securities fluctuate with changes in market conditions. The S&P 500 is an unmanaged index of 500 widely held stocks that is generally considered representative of the U.S. Stock Market. Keep in mind that individuals cannot invest directly in any index, and index performance does not include transaction costs or other fees, which will affect actual investment performance. Individual investor's results will vary. This information is not intended as a solicitation or an offer to buy or sell any security referred to herein. Future investment performance cannot be guaranteed, investment yields will fluctuate with market conditions. International investing involves special risks, including currency fluctuations, differing financial accounting standards, and possible political and economic volatility. There is an inverse relationship between interest rate movements and bond prices. Generally, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall and when interest rates fall, bond prices generally rise. Investing in small cap stocks generally involves greater risks, and therefore, may not be appropriate for every investor. The prices of small company stocks may be subject to more volatility than those of large company stocks. Securities offered through Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. Member FINRA/SIPC. Investment advisory services offered through Raymond James Financial Services Advisors, Inc. Birch Run Financial is not a registered broker/dealer and is independent of Raymond James Financial Services. Birch Run Financial is located at 595 E Swedesford Rd, Ste 360, Wayne PA 19087 and can be reached at 484-395-2190. Any rating is not intended to be an endorsement, or any way indicative of the advisors' abilities to provide investment advice or management.  This podcast is intended for informational purposes only.Links are being provided for information purposes only. Raymond James is not affiliated with and does not endorse, authorize, or sponsor any of the listed websites or their respective sponsors.Raymond James is not responsible for the content of any website or the collection or use of information regarding any website’s users or members.  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

January 20, 202626 min

What Are Stocks, Really?

In this first episode of 2026, we dive deep into a foundational concept that often gets lost in the noise of day-to-day market headlines: what stocks actually are. We begin by reframing the way we view stocks—not as just numbers or tickers on a screen, but as tangible ownership in real businesses. Ed kicks off by breaking down what owning a share really means. When we buy stock, we're not just speculating—we’re becoming part-owners in companies that employ people, generate revenue, and make real-world decisions. From baristas at Starbucks to corporate CEOs, all of them are working to create value for us—the shareholders.We explore how the value of a stock isn’t just about its current price but about future earnings, innovation, and profitability. Markets move fast because they reflect new expectations instantly. But over the long haul, real business performance determines value. This is why Ed emphasizes that the stock market isn’t a casino—it’s a tool for owning productivity, growth, and innovation. He uses the analogy of starting a pizza shop to illustrate how raising capital and sharing ownership is the core concept behind public companies.We also talk about dividends—those are simply profits being shared with us as owners. Whether a company reinvests or pays out those profits depends on its growth opportunities. Tech companies tend to reinvest, while utilities often return more to shareholders.Alex then zooms out and takes us through a historical lens on how stock ownership evolved. We trace it from the 1600s Dutch East India Company to today’s frictionless investing via apps like Robinhood. Initially reserved for elites, ownership became more widespread with the founding of exchanges, government regulations after the Great Depression, and eventually the creation of 401(k)s in the 1970s. That move away from pensions put the responsibility—and opportunity—of investing into the hands of everyday people.We reflect on how tools like mutual funds, index funds, and fractional shares have opened access even further. Today, over 60% of American households own stocks, mostly through retirement plans. Alex reminds us that the clients who succeed financially aren’t necessarily the best investors—they’re the best savers. Understanding that owning stock means owning real companies helps people stay grounded during market volatility and make smarter decisions.This episode is all about clarity—clarity in what we own, why we own it, and how the system evolved to work for more than just the elite. We’re not just watching prices move—we’re participants in the system of capitalism itself. You can always email Alex and Ed at info@birchrunfinancial.com or give them a call at 484-395-2190.Or visit them on the web at https://www.birchrunfinancial.com/Alex and Ed's Book: Mastering The Money Mind: https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Money-Mind-Thinking-Personal/dp/1544530536 Any opinions are those of Ed Lambert Alex Cabot, financial advisors, RJFS, and Jon Gay, and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James. The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. There is no assurance any of the trends mentioned will continue or forecasts will occur. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but Raymond James does not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation. The examples throughout this material are for illustrative purposes only. Raymond James does not provide tax or legal services. Please discuss these matters with the appropriate professional. Diversification and asset allocation do not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. Past performance is not indicative of future returns. CDs are insured by the FDIC and offer a fixed rate of return, whereas the return and principal value of investment securities fluctuate with changes in market conditions. The S&P 500 is an unmanaged index of 500 widely held stocks that is generally considered representative of the U.S. Stock Market. Keep in mind that individuals cannot invest directly in any index, and index performance does not include transaction costs or other fees, which will affect actual investment performance. Individual investor's results will vary. This information is not intended as a solicitation or an offer to buy or sell any security referred to herein. Future investment performance cannot be guaranteed, investment yields will fluctuate with market conditions. International investing involves special risks, including currency fluctuations, differing financial accounting standards, and possible political and economic volatility. There is an inverse relationship between interest rate movements and bond prices. Generally, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall and when interest rates fall, bond prices generally rise. Investing in small cap stocks generally involves greater risks, and therefore, may not be appropriate for every investor. The prices of small company stocks may be subject to more volatility than those of large company stocks. Securities offered through Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. Member FINRA/SIPC. Investment advisory services offered through Raymond James Financial Services Advisors, Inc. Birch Run Financial is not a registered broker/dealer and is independent of Raymond James Financial Services. Birch Run Financial is located at 595 E Swedesford Rd, Ste 360, Wayne PA 19087 and can be reached at 484-395-2190. Any rating is not intended to be an endorsement, or any way indicative of the advisors' abilities to provide investment advice or management.  This podcast is intended for informational purposes only.Links are being provided for information purposes only. Raymond James is not affiliated with and does not endorse, authorize, or sponsor any of the listed websites or their respective sponsors.Raymond James is not responsible for the content of any website or the collection or use of information regarding any website’s users or members.  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

December 18, 202521 min

Are 529 Plans Still Worth It?

In our final episode of Nurturing Financial Freedom for 2025, we take a deep dive into the rapidly evolving world of education and what that means for families planning ahead. College isn't what it used to be, and as we head into 2026, we unpack how demographic shifts, cost pressures, and emerging technologies like AI are reshaping higher education—and what families can do to stay ahead of the curve.Alex explains how college enrollment has been declining steadily since its peak in 2010. While part of that is due to lower birth rates post-2007, we focus on the bigger shift—young people increasingly turning toward trade careers, certifications, and alternative learning paths. Fields like HVAC, welding, and nursing are growing in demand, and students are seeking out stable, well-paying jobs that don’t require a four-year degree.For those who do choose college, we’re seeing a clear shift in preferred majors. STEM fields like engineering, computer science, and data science are growing, along with healthcare and business, while traditional liberal arts majors are shrinking. Rising costs are a huge part of the conversation, with many families questioning whether a $320,000 undergraduate degree truly delivers a return on investment. This economic pressure has pushed many toward more flexible paths like community college, online programs, or hybrid models that offer practical value without the high price tag.We also examine how universities themselves are evolving—sometimes in the wrong direction. From luxury dorms to reduced tenure-track faculty, schools are spending more to attract students but aren’t always investing in what really matters: quality education. Alex shares a personal story from his alma mater, Washington University that perfectly illustrates this disconnect.Next, we turn to the financial side. Ed walks us through how 529 plans remain one of the best tools families can use, even in this uncertain educational landscape. These plans are far more flexible than many realize—they now cover trade schools, certifications, online degrees, and even some K–12 costs. Plus, any leftover funds can be rolled into a Roth IRA, offering tax-free growth and long-term retirement benefits for beneficiaries. The ability to change the plan’s beneficiary and the favorable tax treatment make 529s an incredibly versatile, powerful savings option.Even if the future of education is less predictable, we agree the cost will still be significant. That’s why saving early and often—while staying flexible—is more important than ever. You can always email Alex and Ed at info@birchrunfinancial.com or give them a call at 484-395-2190.Or visit them on the web at https://www.birchrunfinancial.com/Alex and Ed's Book: Mastering The Money Mind: https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Money-Mind-Thinking-Personal/dp/1544530536 Any opinions are those of Ed Lambert Alex Cabot, financial advisors, RJFS, and Jon Gay, and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James. The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. There is no assurance any of the trends mentioned will continue or forecasts will occur. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but Raymond James does not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation. The examples throughout this material are for illustrative purposes only. Raymond James does not provide tax or legal services. Please discuss these matters with the appropriate professional. Diversification and asset allocation do not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. Past performance is not indicative of future returns. CDs are insured by the FDIC and offer a fixed rate of return, whereas the return and principal value of investment securities fluctuate with changes in market conditions. The S&P 500 is an unmanaged index of 500 widely held stocks that is generally considered representative of the U.S. Stock Market. Keep in mind that individuals cannot invest directly in any index, and index performance does not include transaction costs or other fees, which will affect actual investment performance. Individual investor's results will vary. This information is not intended as a solicitation or an offer to buy or sell any security referred to herein. Future investment performance cannot be guaranteed, investment yields will fluctuate with market conditions. International investing involves special risks, including currency fluctuations, differing financial accounting standards, and possible political and economic volatility. There is an inverse relationship between interest rate movements and bond prices. Generally, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall and when interest rates fall, bond prices generally rise. Investing in small cap stocks generally involves greater risks, and therefore, may not be appropriate for every investor. The prices of small company stocks may be subject to more volatility than those of large company stocks. Securities offered through Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. Member FINRA/SIPC. Investment advisory services offered through Raymond James Financial Services Advisors, Inc. Birch Run Financial is not a registered broker/dealer and is independent of Raymond James Financial Services. Birch Run Financial is located at 595 E Swedesford Rd, Ste 360, Wayne PA 19087 and can be reached at 484-395-2190. Any rating is not intended to be an endorsement, or any way indicative of the advisors' abilities to provide investment advice or management.  This podcast is intended for informational purposes only.Links are being provided for information purposes only. Raymond James is not affiliated with and does not endorse, authorize, or sponsor any of the listed websites or their respective sponsors.Raymond James is not responsible for the content of any website or the collection or use of information regarding any website’s users or members.  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

November 21, 202519 min

Should You Just Buy Stocks Until You Die?

In this episode of Nurturing Financial Freedom, we explore the bold claim that retirees should hold nothing but stocks forever. Sparked by a recent Wall Street Journal article by Jason Zweig, the conversation centers around whether an all-equity portfolio is a sound retirement strategy, or just good theory that breaks down in the real world. We tackle the academic study Zweig references, which analyzed over a century of data across 39 countries, concluding that bonds have historically underperformed and added minimal diversification. At first glance, that makes a compelling case for stocks-only portfolios, even in retirement.But as we point out, average returns over a hundred years don’t capture the emotional and practical realities retirees face. Markets move in cycles, and people’s risk tolerance changes over time—especially when they stop contributing and start drawing income in retirement. When volatility hits, a paper loss becomes a real-life stressor, and if the timing is bad enough, it can ruin a retirement plan. The study fails to account for the psychological impact of watching your nest egg drop 30–40%, which often leads investors to panic and sell low. We emphasize that bonds, CDs, and cash aren’t exciting, but they serve a critical purpose: they provide liquidity and peace of mind during market downturns.We share examples of possible outcomes for people who retired just before the 2008 crash—and how balanced portfolios helped them weather the storm while all-stock portfolios struggled. Those who were all-in on stocks or fled to cash at the wrong time are still trying to catch up—or never did. We also run a hypothetical example from 1999 to 2024 showing how a 60/40 split outperformed both a pure stock and pure bond strategy over 25 years, with regular withdrawals. The math alone doesn’t capture the full picture. Sequence of returns risk is real, and so is the need for flexibility.Ultimately, we conclude that the best plan isn’t the one with the highest theoretical return—it’s the one you can stick with. A diversified portfolio might not always win in terms of raw numbers, but it gives you the best chance to live the life you want in retirement, regardless of market conditions. For us, true financial freedom comes from consistency, flexibility, and balance—not gambling on perfect market timing.You can always email Alex and Ed at info@birchrunfinancial.com or give them a call at 484-395-2190.Or visit them on the web at https://www.birchrunfinancial.com/Alex and Ed's Book: Mastering The Money Mind: https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Money-Mind-Thinking-Personal/dp/1544530536 Any opinions are those of Ed Lambert Alex Cabot, financial advisors, RJFS, and Jon Gay, and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James. The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. There is no assurance any of the trends mentioned will continue or forecasts will occur. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but Raymond James does not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation. The examples throughout this material are for illustrative purposes only. Raymond James does not provide tax or legal services. Please discuss these matters with the appropriate professional. Diversification and asset allocation do not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. Past performance is not indicative of future returns. CDs are insured by the FDIC and offer a fixed rate of return, whereas the return and principal value of investment securities fluctuate with changes in market conditions. The S&P 500 is an unmanaged index of 500 widely held stocks that is generally considered representative of the U.S. Stock Market. Keep in mind that individuals cannot invest directly in any index, and index performance does not include transaction costs or other fees, which will affect actual investment performance. Individual investor's results will vary. This information is not intended as a solicitation or an offer to buy or sell any security referred to herein. Future investment performance cannot be guaranteed, investment yields will fluctuate with market conditions. International investing involves special risks, including currency fluctuations, differing financial accounting standards, and possible political and economic volatility. There is an inverse relationship between interest rate movements and bond prices. Generally, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall and when interest rates fall, bond prices generally rise. Investing in small cap stocks generally involves greater risks, and therefore, may not be appropriate for every investor. The prices of small company stocks may be subject to more volatility than those of large company stocks. Securities offered through Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. Member FINRA/SIPC. Investment advisory services offered through Raymond James Financial Services Advisors, Inc. Birch Run Financial is not a registered broker/dealer and is independent of Raymond James Financial Services. Birch Run Financial is located at 595 E Swedesford Rd, Ste 360, Wayne PA 19087 and can be reached at 484-395-2190.Any rating is not intended to be an endorsement, or any way indicative of the advisors' abilities to provide investment advice or management. This podcast is intended for informational purposes only.Links are being provided for information purposes only. Raymond James is not affiliated with and does not endorse, authorize, or sponsor any of the listed websites or their respective sponsors.Raymond James is not responsible for the content of any website or the collection or use of information regarding any website’s users or members. You can always email Alex and Ed at info@birchrunfinancial.com or give them a call at 484-395-2190.Or visit them on the web at https://www.birchrunfinancial.com/Alex and Ed's Book: Mastering The Money Mind: https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Money-Mind-Thinking-Personal/dp/1544530536 Any opinions are those of Ed Lambert Alex Cabot, financial advisors, RJFS, and Jon Gay, and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James. The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. There is no assurance any of the trends mentioned will continue or forecasts will occur. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but Raymond James does not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation. The examples throughout this material are for illustrative purposes only. Raymond James does not provide tax or legal services. Please discuss these matters with the appropriate professional. Diversification and asset allocation do not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. Past performance is not indicative of future returns. CDs are insured by the FDIC and offer a fixed rate of return, whereas the return and principal value of investment securities fluctuate with changes in market conditions. The S&P 500 is an unmanaged index of 500 widely held stocks that is generally considered representative of the U.S. Stock Market. Keep in mind that individuals cannot invest directly in any index, and index performance does not include transaction costs or other fees, which will affect actual investment performance. Individual investor's results will vary. This information is not intended as a solicitation or an offer to buy or sell any security referred to herein. Future investment performance cannot be guaranteed, investment yields will fluctuate with market conditions. International investing involves special risks, including currency fluctuations, differing financial accounting standards, and possible political and economic volatility. There is an inverse relationship between interest rate movements and bond prices. Generally, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall and when interest rates fall, bond prices generally rise. Investing in small cap stocks generally involves greater risks, and therefore, may not be appropriate for every investor. The prices of small company stocks may be subject to more volatility than those of large company stocks. Securities offered through Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. Member FINRA/SIPC. Investment advisory services offered through Raymond James Financial Services Advisors, Inc. Birch Run Financial is not a registered broker/dealer and is independent of Raymond James Financial Services. Birch Run Financial is located at 595 E Swedesford Rd, Ste 360, Wayne PA 19087 and can be reached at 484-395-2190. Any rating is not intended to be an endorsement, or any way indicative of the advisors' abilities to provide investment advice or management.  This podcast is intended for informational purposes only.Links are being provided for information purposes only. Raymond James is not affiliated with and does not endorse, authorize, or sponsor any of the listed websites or their respective sponsors.Raymond James is not responsible for the content of any website or the collection or use of information regarding any website’s users or members.  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

October 17, 202522 min

Why Diversification Isn’t What You Think It Is

In this month’s episode of Nurturing Financial Freedom, we dig into a topic that’s becoming more critical in today’s investment landscape—concentration risk. We’ve talked about the "Magnificent Seven" tech stocks—Apple, Microsoft, Nvidia, Amazon, Meta, Alphabet, and Tesla—before, but now we're zooming in on the downside of their dominance. While these mega-cap companies have driven much of the market's recent growth, their outsized influence poses a risk that many investors overlook.We start by revisiting the concept of diversification, which we believe is often misunderstood. As Alex explains, owning cash at different banks or multiple funds that move in lockstep isn't real diversification. What matters is what’s inside those funds—are they all large-cap U.S. stocks, or do they include small caps, international equities, or different sectors? Too often, investors think they’re diversified when, in reality, their holdings are heavily skewed toward the same handful of companies.We also discuss how concentration creeps in—especially through popular indexes like the S&P 500, which is now heavily weighted toward just a few tech giants. Ed points out a striking stat: Nvidia and Microsoft alone represent as much of the S&P 500 as the bottom 400 companies combined. This “index drift” means that even supposedly diversified portfolios—like target date retirement funds—may be overly reliant on the same names.To build resilience, we stress the importance of intentional diversification. That means expanding beyond large-cap U.S. stocks to include mid- and small-cap companies, international equities, and even alternative assets like gold, real estate, and commodities. Fixed income is also relevant again, with bonds and cash offering meaningful yield for the first time in years.We wrap up by emphasizing the need for proactive rebalancing. Don’t try to time the market. Instead, rebalance regularly on a schedule to keep your allocation aligned with your goals. And understand that even strong companies stumble, so don’t let recent winners dominate your portfolio.At the end of the day, this isn’t about abandoning tech or being a contrarian—it’s about knowing what you own and why you own it. Because building a durable portfolio isn’t a one-time setup. It’s an ongoing process that needs regular attention. You can always email Alex and Ed at info@birchrunfinancial.com or give them a call at 484-395-2190.Or visit them on the web at https://www.birchrunfinancial.com/Alex and Ed's Book: Mastering The Money Mind: https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Money-Mind-Thinking-Personal/dp/1544530536 Any opinions are those of Ed Lambert Alex Cabot, financial advisors, RJFS, and Jon Gay, and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James. The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. There is no assurance any of the trends mentioned will continue or forecasts will occur. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but Raymond James does not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation. The examples throughout this material are for illustrative purposes only. Raymond James does not provide tax or legal services. Please discuss these matters with the appropriate professional. Diversification and asset allocation do not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. Past performance is not indicative of future returns. CDs are insured by the FDIC and offer a fixed rate of return, whereas the return and principal value of investment securities fluctuate with changes in market conditions. The S&P 500 is an unmanaged index of 500 widely held stocks that is generally considered representative of the U.S. Stock Market. Keep in mind that individuals cannot invest directly in any index, and index performance does not include transaction costs or other fees, which will affect actual investment performance. Individual investor's results will vary. This information is not intended as a solicitation or an offer to buy or sell any security referred to herein. Future investment performance cannot be guaranteed, investment yields will fluctuate with market conditions. International investing involves special risks, including currency fluctuations, differing financial accounting standards, and possible political and economic volatility. There is an inverse relationship between interest rate movements and bond prices. Generally, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall and when interest rates fall, bond prices generally rise. Investing in small cap stocks generally involves greater risks, and therefore, may not be appropriate for every investor. The prices of small company stocks may be subject to more volatility than those of large company stocks. Securities offered through Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. Member FINRA/SIPC. Investment advisory services offered through Raymond James Financial Services Advisors, Inc. Birch Run Financial is not a registered broker/dealer and is independent of Raymond James Financial Services. Birch Run Financial is located at 595 E Swedesford Rd, Ste 360, Wayne PA 19087 and can be reached at 484-395-2190. Any rating is not intended to be an endorsement, or any way indicative of the advisors' abilities to provide investment advice or management.  This podcast is intended for informational purposes only.Links are being provided for information purposes only. Raymond James is not affiliated with and does not endorse, authorize, or sponsor any of the listed websites or their respective sponsors.Raymond James is not responsible for the content of any website or the collection or use of information regarding any website’s users or members.  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

September 19, 202523 min

Your Fall Financial Fire Drill

As we head into fall, we take the opportunity to run a financial "fire drill"—not because we expect a crisis, but because we know volatility is inevitable. This episode is all about preparation: emotionally and strategically. Ed Lambert, Alex Cabot, and Jag kick things off with some seasonal banter, but quickly dive into why fall is a natural time to reassess our portfolios and our mindset around investing.Ed begins by reminding us that even in strong years, the market doesn’t move in a straight line. The S&P 500 typically sees multiple 5% dips annually and about a 10% correction every year or two. But those drops aren’t signs of failure—they’re part of the process. He walks us through some of the scariest moments of the last 15 years—like the 2011 debt ceiling crisis, the COVID crash of 2020, and the recent sharp drop in April 2025—highlighting how each time, the market rebounded. The key, he says, is staying the course and not reacting emotionally. Emotional decisions—especially ones made in fear—almost always lead to poor outcomes.We focus heavily on the idea that emotional preparation is just as important as strategic allocation. Ed makes the point that volatility is the price of admission for long-term growth. He urges listeners to “zoom out” and look at the long-term trajectory of the market, where short-term declines barely register. Since 1980, despite multiple downturns, the market has averaged nearly 10% returns annually.Alex then picks up the second half of the fire drill analogy—portfolio preparation. He compares asset allocation to a smoke detector: you want it functioning before there's smoke. He explains that the right asset mix comes from evaluating three factors—your goals, your timeframe, and your risk tolerance. Importantly, risk tolerance has both a financial and emotional component, and the two don’t always align. He gives practical examples for how these factors influence portfolio design—contrasting a 25-year-old saving for retirement with someone needing cash in six months for a car purchase.He also stresses the need to regularly rebalance portfolios. Just like a smoke detector can get out of sync, so can an asset allocation if left unattended. Ignoring this can lead to a portfolio that doesn't reflect your needs or goals. Whether it’s a 5% dip or a 25% drawdown, a well-built and actively managed allocation keeps investors steady. Alex closes with an important reminder: every downturn in history has ended in recovery. The question isn’t if volatility will come, but when—and how prepared we’ll be.Have you ever had a smoke detector battery die in the middle of the night? We swap stories about that to cement our analogy. You can always email Alex and Ed at info@birchrunfinancial.com or give them a call at 484-395-2190.Or visit them on the web at https://www.birchrunfinancial.com/Alex and Ed's Book: Mastering The Money Mind: https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Money-Mind-Thinking-Personal/dp/1544530536 Any opinions are those of Ed Lambert Alex Cabot, financial advisors, RJFS, and Jon Gay, and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James. The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. There is no assurance any of the trends mentioned will continue or forecasts will occur. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but Raymond James does not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation. The examples throughout this material are for illustrative purposes only. Raymond James does not provide tax or legal services. Please discuss these matters with the appropriate professional. Diversification and asset allocation do not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. Past performance is not indicative of future returns. CDs are insured by the FDIC and offer a fixed rate of return, whereas the return and principal value of investment securities fluctuate with changes in market conditions. The S&P 500 is an unmanaged index of 500 widely held stocks that is generally considered representative of the U.S. Stock Market. Keep in mind that individuals cannot invest directly in any index, and index performance does not include transaction costs or other fees, which will affect actual investment performance. Individual investor's results will vary. This information is not intended as a solicitation or an offer to buy or sell any security referred to herein. Future investment performance cannot be guaranteed, investment yields will fluctuate with market conditions. International investing involves special risks, including currency fluctuations, differing financial accounting standards, and possible political and economic volatility. There is an inverse relationship between interest rate movements and bond prices. Generally, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall and when interest rates fall, bond prices generally rise. Investing in small cap stocks generally involves greater risks, and therefore, may not be appropriate for every investor. The prices of small company stocks may be subject to more volatility than those of large company stocks. Securities offered through Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. Member FINRA/SIPC. Investment advisory services offered through Raymond James Financial Services Advisors, Inc. Birch Run Financial is not a registered broker/dealer and is independent of Raymond James Financial Services. Birch Run Financial is located at 595 E Swedesford Rd, Ste 360, Wayne PA 19087 and can be reached at 484-395-2190. Any rating is not intended to be an endorsement, or any way indicative of the advisors' abilities to provide investment advice or management.  This podcast is intended for informational purposes only.Links are being provided for information purposes only. Raymond James is not affiliated with and does not endorse, authorize, or sponsor any of the listed websites or their respective sponsors.Raymond James is not responsible for the content of any website or the collection or use of information regarding any website’s users or members.  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.

July 25, 202517 min

What The Big Beautiful Bill Means For Investors and Retirees

In this episode of Nurturing Financial Freedom, we dive into the implications of the newly passed federal tax bill—also known asl the “big, beautiful bill.” While the name might suggest sweeping changes, the truth is more about maintaining the status quo and preventing an expiration of key provisions from the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. We break down what that means for retirees, investors, and anyone planning their financial future.We start with the basics. Alex explains that the bill keeps existing tax brackets intact through 2025. The seven current brackets—ranging from 10% to 37%—remain unchanged and will continue to adjust with inflation. This alone helps prevent tax hikes for most Americans. Next, we look at the standard deduction. It’s staying high: $15,750 for individuals and $31,500 for married couples filing jointly in 2025. For seniors aged 65 and older, there’s an added bonus—an additional $6,000 per person. That means some retired couples could deduct up to $43,500, significantly lowering their taxable income. However, this senior deduction phases out at incomes over $150,000 and disappears entirely at $250,000.Another highlight is a small but impactful update to tip and overtime tax treatment. Up to $2,500 in tips and $5,000 in overtime income will now be tax-exempt, a win for part-time workers and younger family members in service jobs. We also see an increase in the SALT (state and local tax) deduction cap—from $10,000 to $40,000—which could encourage some high earners in states like New York and California to start itemizing again.Ed takes over to unpack how this affects investments. Capital gains tax rates remain unchanged, with the familiar 0%, 15%, and 20% tiers, adjusted for inflation. The 3.8% net investment income tax—sometimes dubbed the Obamacare surcharge—still applies to higher-income earners. Importantly, the step-up in basis on inherited assets is untouched, preserving one of the most efficient methods of wealth transfer.The bill also maintains the Qualified Charitable Distribution (QCD) option, allowing those over 70½ to donate up to $100,000 directly from IRAs without increasing taxable income. Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) still begin at age 73. We round out with a reminder on smart asset location—keeping tax-inefficient investments in tax-deferred accounts and long-term strategies in taxable accounts.While the bill doesn’t overhaul the tax code, it preserves favorable conditions for most Americans, especially retirees and investors. Our advice remains: understand how these provisions impact your specific situation and reach out to a financial professional for personalized planning. You can always email Alex and Ed at info@birchrunfinancial.com or give them a call at 484-395-2190.Or visit them on the web at https://www.birchrunfinancial.com/Alex and Ed's Book: Mastering The Money Mind: https://www.amazon.com/Mastering-Money-Mind-Thinking-Personal/dp/1544530536 Any opinions are those of Ed Lambert Alex Cabot, financial advisors, RJFS, and Jon Gay, and not necessarily those of RJFS or Raymond James. The information contained in this report does not purport to be a complete description of the securities, markets, or developments referred to in this material. There is no assurance any of the trends mentioned will continue or forecasts will occur. The information has been obtained from sources considered to be reliable, but Raymond James does not guarantee that the foregoing material is accurate or complete. Any information is not a complete summary or statement of all available data necessary for making an investment decision and does not constitute a recommendation. The examples throughout this material are for illustrative purposes only. Raymond James does not provide tax or legal services. Please discuss these matters with the appropriate professional. Diversification and asset allocation do not ensure a profit or protect against a loss. Past performance is not indicative of future returns. CDs are insured by the FDIC and offer a fixed rate of return, whereas the return and principal value of investment securities fluctuate with changes in market conditions. The S&P 500 is an unmanaged index of 500 widely held stocks that is generally considered representative of the U.S. Stock Market. Keep in mind that individuals cannot invest directly in any index, and index performance does not include transaction costs or other fees, which will affect actual investment performance. Individual investor's results will vary. This information is not intended as a solicitation or an offer to buy or sell any security referred to herein. Future investment performance cannot be guaranteed, investment yields will fluctuate with market conditions. International investing involves special risks, including currency fluctuations, differing financial accounting standards, and possible political and economic volatility. There is an inverse relationship between interest rate movements and bond prices. Generally, when interest rates rise, bond prices fall and when interest rates fall, bond prices generally rise. Investing in small cap stocks generally involves greater risks, and therefore, may not be appropriate for every investor. The prices of small company stocks may be subject to more volatility than those of large company stocks. Securities offered through Raymond James Financial Services, Inc. Member FINRA/SIPC. Investment advisory services offered through Raymond James Financial Services Advisors, Inc. Birch Run Financial is not a registered broker/dealer and is independent of Raymond James Financial Services. Birch Run Financial is located at 595 E Swedesford Rd, Ste 360, Wayne PA 19087 and can be reached at 484-395-2190. Any rating is not intended to be an endorsement, or any way indicative of the advisors' abilities to provide investment advice or management.  This podcast is intended for informational purposes only.Links are being provided for information purposes only. Raymond James is not affiliated with and does not endorse, authorize, or sponsor any of the listed websites or their respective sponsors.Raymond James is not responsible for the content of any website or the collection or use of information regarding any website’s users or members.  Hosted by Simplecast, an AdsWizz company. See pcm.adswizz.com for information about our collection and use of personal data for advertising.